GLP-1 Discovery Paves Way for Diabetes and Obesity Breakthroughs

Biochemist Svetlana Mojsov Honored for Pioneering Research

Biochemist Svetlana Mojsov has been recognized with Spain’s Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Biology and Biomedicine for her groundbreaking work on the hormone GLP-1. This discovery has revolutionized treatments for type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Unlocking the Potential of GLP-1

Svetlana Mojsov, alongside collaborators Daniel Drucker, Joel Habener, and Jens Holst, elucidated the vital role of GLP-1 in regulating glucose metabolism and appetite. Their findings have led to a new generation of therapies that significantly improve glycemic control and promote weight loss.

These advancements also offer a reduction in cardiovascular risk, fundamentally changing patient outcomes. The impact of this research extends beyond current treatments, spurring new avenues of scientific inquiry across various disease areas.

“We are witnessing a new paradigm in which clinical experience is guiding future research to help us understand very fundamental concepts.”

—Svetlana Mojsov, Research Associate Professor, Rockefeller University

A Personal Journey in Peptide Science

Reflecting on the impact of her work, Mojsov expressed deep satisfaction in contributing to treatments that enhance the quality of life for millions. “All scientists are driven by the goal of advancing knowledge and human health,” she stated. “I feel privileged to have been part of the early stages of this long scientific journey.”

The development of GLP-1 based therapies represents a significant therapeutic leap, achieving substantial weight reduction—up to 20%—a critical factor in managing type 2 diabetes, unlike earlier treatments that often caused weight gain.

From Glucagon to GLP-1

Mojsov‘s interest in peptide-based glucose metabolism therapies began in the mid-1970s. Working with Dr. Bruce Merrifield at Rockefeller University, she focused on glucagon synthesis. This foundational work, aimed at overcoming limitations in peptide synthesis techniques, laid the groundwork for her later identification of GLP-1.

Her doctoral and postdoctoral research delved into glucagon’s amino acid sequence and biology. This meticulous investigation culminated in her 1983 discovery of the biologically active form of GLP-1, a 31-amino acid peptide she designated GLP-1 (7-37). She also proposed its function as an incretin, stimulating insulin release after food consumption.

The Power of Collaborative Discovery

The identification of GLP-1 (7-37) involved extensive collaboration. While Mojsov synthesized the peptide and developed crucial detection methods independently, her subsequent work involved close partnerships with researchers like Drs. Joel Habener and David Nathan at Massachusetts General Hospital, and Dr. Gordon Weir at the Joslin Diabetes Center.

The journey from initial findings in 1986 to widely used medications in 2017 highlights the complex path of scientific translation. Pharmaceutical industry hesitation in the 1980s and 90s, stemming from the injectable nature of peptides, was a significant hurdle.

A key turning point came in 2005 with the discovery of a longer-acting GLP-1 analog in lizard venom, facilitating faster drug development. Eventually, companies like Novo Nordisk and Lilly launched long-acting GLP-1 analogs, now recognized for their broad therapeutic applications beyond diabetes and obesity, including cardiovascular and renal conditions.

The accessibility of these life-changing drugs remains a critical challenge. Mojsov emphasized the need for affordability, stating, “They must become more affordable—otherwise, their usefulness is fundamentally limited. The broader the access, the greater the public health impact.” She is optimistic that ongoing innovation will improve global reach, advocating for equitable sharing of health benefits.

Innovation in pharmaceuticals, while vital, is underpinned by fundamental research. As Mojsov noted, “It all starts with discovery—and discovery starts in academic and research institutions.” This underscores the importance of supporting scientific exploration at its source.

Beyond Diabetes and Obesity: Future Horizons

Contrary to concerns that advanced therapies might detract from prevention, Mojsov believes they serve as a catalyst for better health choices. “Although some health conditions are unavoidable, I believe these drugs serve as a reminder of the importance of personal well-being,” she said. These treatments encourage proactive health management.

The potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists extends to other conditions. Already, their cardiovascular benefits are established, and they support kidney function in diabetic patients. Research is exploring applications in neurodegenerative diseases and addiction, though robust evidence is still needed.

“This is the exciting part of science: knowledge opens the door to new discoveries,” Mojsov remarked. Further laboratory research is essential to confirm these expanded indications.

Navigating Scientific Recognition

Mojsov shared her experience in securing patents, noting the importance of advocating for accurate recognition of her contributions. She successfully obtained five patents, correcting initial applications that did not fully reflect her role.

Regarding opportunities for women in science, Mojsov, who grew up in Yugoslavia, stated, “I never believed someone would take advantage of me for being a woman.” She added, “Today, women are firmly part of the scientific community.” She stressed the importance of speaking up and standing firm when necessary, emphasizing that “when something isn’t right, we must speak up—clearly and confidently—and have the courage to stand our ground.”

Perseverance and discipline are crucial for aspiring researchers, as Mojsov concluded, “This path is never easy.”