USDA Confirms First Case of H5N1 Avian Influenza in Nebraska Dairy Cattle
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has confirmed the first case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in dairy cattle, detected in Texas and Kansas, with subsequent cases identified in New Mexico, idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, and now Nebraska. This marks the first time the virus has been found in U.S.dairy herds, raising concerns about potential spread and impacts on the nation’s milk supply.The Nebraska department of Agriculture confirmed the case on March 29, 2024, and is working with the USDA to contain the outbreak.
the emergence of H5N1 in dairy cattle is especially concerning because it introduces a new mammalian species into the transmission cycle of the virus, possibly increasing the risk of mutations and spillover to humans. While the current risk to the general public is considered low, the USDA and state veterinary officials are closely monitoring the situation and implementing biosecurity measures to prevent further spread. The outbreak has already prompted increased surveillance of dairy herds and the testing of milk for the presence of the virus.
Recent reports from dvm360 highlight a growing pattern of H5N1 exposure linked to raw pet food, particularly raw cat food. Several cat deaths have been reported following exposure to the virus through contaminated raw pet food and unpasteurized milk,as noted by Bautista-Alejandre A. on January 16, 2025.Further examination by the Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) and Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) identified raw pet food as a source of bird flu infections,reported by McCafferty C. on February 18, 2025. Subsequent recalls were issued by cat food companies due to H5N1 concerns (McCafferty C., March 18, 2025; McCafferty C., September 4, 2025).
Veterinarians are being urged to be vigilant in evaluating feline cases of H5N1, with recommendations focusing on recognizing clinical signs and implementing appropriate biosecurity protocols (Bautista-Alejandre A., August 28, 2024). Cats are increasingly recognized as potential indicators of H5N1 within communities, and prompt response steps are crucial to mitigate spread (Thomson D, Bautista-Alejandre A.,August 12,2025).
Beyond domestic animals, avian influenza has been detected in wild animal populations. Researchers have found avian influenza in New York bobcats (coppock Crossley K., April 3, 2025), demonstrating the virus’s ability to spread beyond poultry and into wildlife. The USDA is working with state and industry partners to implement enhanced biosecurity measures,including restricting movement of animals and implementing testing protocols,to control the outbreak and protect both animal and public health.