Brainstem Discovery Reveals Chronic Pain’s Root

Scientists have pinpointed a key difference in how the brainstem processes acute versus chronic pain, potentially explaining why some injuries lead to long-term suffering. This research opens new avenues for targeted treatments, offering hope for millions.

Brainstem’s Dual Response

A recent study from **Ben Title** and **Prof. Alexander M. Binshtok** at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem shows the brainstem’s medullary dorsal horn neurons act differently in short-term versus persistent pain. In acute scenarios, these neurons reduce their activity to limit pain signals. Conversely, in chronic pain, this braking mechanism fails.

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“This is the first time we’ve seen how the same neurons behave so differently in acute versus chronic pain,”

—**Prof. Binshtok**, Researcher

Chronic pain affects over 50 million Americans, and fewer than half of sufferers find relief through existing treatments (CDC, 2023).

The Role of A-Type Potassium Current

The research indicates a specific potassium current, known as the A-type potassium current (IA), plays a crucial role. During acute pain, IA increases, acting as a natural dampener on pain pathways. However, in chronic conditions, this current is not activated, leading to overactive neurons and persistent pain signals.

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This discovery provides insight into why temporary pain becomes chronic, possibly guiding future therapies. Scientists aim to restore or mimic the “braking system,” preventing the transition from acute to chronic pain.