Scientists Uncover How Stress Disrupts Blood Sugar Control via Brain-liver Pathways
New research published September 9, 2025, details a critical mechanism linking psychological stress to elevated blood sugar levels, identifying key roles for specific neural circuits in the brain and their influence on liver function. The findings, originating from a study conducted by researchers at[InstitutionName-[InstitutionName-source does not specify], offer potential targets for interventions aimed at managing stress-induced hyperglycemia and preventing the progression of type 2 diabetes.
Chronic stress is a well-established risk factor for metabolic disorders,yet the precise biological pathways connecting mental state to glucose metabolism have remained elusive. This study illuminates how stress signals originating in the brain-specifically within the amygdala-activate pathways that ultimately instruct the liver to produce more glucose, even in the absence of food intake. Approximately 422 million adults worldwide currently live with diabetes, according to the World Health Institution, and understanding the interplay between stress and blood sugar regulation is crucial for developing effective preventative and therapeutic strategies.
Researchers demonstrated that activation of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in mice triggered a cascade of events. The CeA sends projections to the lateral hypothalamus, which in turn modulates the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. This activation ultimately leads to increased glucose production in the liver via the release of glucagon. Blocking these specific neural pathways effectively prevented the stress-induced rise in blood sugar, confirming the causal link.
“We’ve identified a direct line of communication between the brain and the liver that is hijacked by stress,” explained[LeadResearcherName-[LeadResearcherName-source does not specify]. “This isn’t simply a matter of ‘stress eating’ or lifestyle changes; it’s a fundamental physiological response orchestrated by the nervous system.”
The study further revealed that the identified pathways are sensitive to chronic stress, suggesting that prolonged exposure to stressors can lead to sustained dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Researchers are now investigating potential pharmacological interventions that could selectively target these brain circuits to mitigate the harmful effects of stress on blood sugar control. Future research will focus on translating these findings to human subjects and exploring the potential for personalized interventions based on individual stress profiles.