The Arrival of Saharan Dust

Models indicate that a ample amount of Saharan dust is currently making its way across the Atlantic Ocean. This dust is expected to reach central Florida soon and linger into early June. If you’ve lived in Central Florida for a summer or two, and especially a hurricane season, you know all about the Saharan dust that can sneak in over time.

Understanding the Saharan Air Layer (SAL)

The Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is a meteorological phenomenon that occurs nearly year-round. however, its effects are most noticeable during the summer months due to the positioning and strength of the forces that drive it. Several factors contribute to the movement of this dust across the Atlantic.

• Bermuda-Azores High: This high-pressure system is a key player in steering the dust. Winds around our high pressure get stronger and flow in a clockwise fashion when the center itself is a bit stronger. Higher pressure naturally results in higher wind speeds around where it’s located.
• Easterly winds: The Bermuda-Azores High also generates easterly winds across the equatorial regions of the Northern Hemisphere, further propelling the dust westward.
• West African Monsoon (WAM): Showers and storms over northern Africa produce high surface winds called “outflows.” strong gusty winds blowing around a desert is naturally going to kick up tons of dust and sand.
• African Easterly Jet (AEJ): Similar to the jet stream in the United States, the AEJ drives weather patterns over North Africa, contributing to the transport of dust into the Atlantic.

Impact on Central Florida

The arrival of the Saharan dust will likely have several effects on Central Florida residents.

• Allergies: Those who suffer from allergies may experience increased symptoms.
• Respiratory Issues: individuals with asthma or COPD may find it more difficult to breathe, especially when working outdoors.
• Cleaning: Cars and outdoor furniture may require more frequent cleaning due to the dust settling on surfaces.
• Visibility: The dust can create vibrant orange and yellow glows during sunrise and sunset. You’ll notice mornings and evenings taking on a much more vibrant orange or yellow glow.
• Rain: When it rains, the dust can become encapsulated in the droplets, leaving a brown film on surfaces.

The Bigger Picture: Hurricane Season

saharan dust can also influence tropical activity. Saharan dust also promotes sinking across the tropical Atlantic… dry dusty air tends to smother anything tropical from spinning up. The role it will play in the upcoming hurricane season remains to be seen.