Doctor Thira

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thira Woratanarat, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University posted on Facebook Thira Woratanarat stating that March 3, 2023

Yesterday, around the world, there were 72,232 more infections, 331 more deaths, a total of 680,275,468 people, and a total of 6,802,158 deaths.

The top 5 most infected are Taiwan, Russia, Japan, South Korea and Austria.

As of yesterday, in the number of new infections, countries from Europe and Asia occupied eight of the top 10 and 16 of the top 20 globally.

The number of new infections per day around the world right now from Asia and Europe Together, it accounted for 92.9 percent of the world, while the number of deaths accounted for 84.89 percent.

Update the species that are epidemic around the world.

Gerstung M from Germany point out that In the current situation, XBB.1.5 and its relative XBB.1.9.1 are likely to dominate global outbreaks, while the former BQ.1.x and BA.2.x have been on the decline. Continuous (Pictures 1 and 2)

This is in line with the World Health Organization’s previous risk assessment of XBB.1.5 that XBB.1.5 is likely to continue to expand in the coming period.

The nature of the cellular immune system after infection in previously vaccinated individuals.

Koutsakos M et al from Australia. Answered the question that many people have been wondering for a long time. If we have already been vaccinated Unintentionally infected with COVID-19, how will our cellular immune system react? (Figure 3)

It was previously known that, after infection, the immune system in the blood or antibodies is elevated. But after a few months Antibodies will be reduced.

This research suggests that after infection The cellular immune system is rapidly activated by both CD4 and CD8 T-cells. CD4-type cells are activated as early as 1 day after onset of illness. and increased dramatically, reaching a peak within 5 days after onset of illness

CD8, which plays a role in destroying infected cells, is also activated in response, with the number of CD8 produced varying. and has a response time next to CD4.

Health consciousness is essential for living in today’s situations.

careful not careless

Adjust the environment to be better ventilated than in the past.

wearing a mask correctly It will greatly reduce the risk. Both from COVID-19 and PM2.5

protect yourself from infection or re-infection is the best

refer
Koutsakos M et al. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses. Immunity. 27 February 2023.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thira Woratanarat, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University posted on Facebook Thira Woratanarat stating that February 28, 2023

Yesterday, around the world, there were 54,352 more infections, 355 more deaths, a total of 679,782,886 people, and a total of 6,799,016 deaths.

The top 5 most infected are Russia, Mexico, Taiwan, Japan, Greece and Romania.

As of yesterday, in the number of new infections, countries from Europe and Asia occupied six of the top 10 and 16 of the top 20 globally.

The number of new infections per day around the world right now from Asia and Europe together representing 73.36 percent of the world, while the number of deaths accounted for 76.05 percent

Thailand Weekly Report Numbers 19-25 February 2023

The number of infected people who are sick enough to be hospitalized 204 people

Number of deaths 9 people

It is expected that the daily number of new infections will be as high as 1,458-2,024 people.

Update knowledge of COVID-19

Han L and colleagues from China have studied Analyze the excess mortality rate that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. in the United States from 2020 to 2022

Published in the medical journal Nature Cardiovascular Research on February 27, 2023.

Shows the relationship of the COVID-19 outbreak. with death from cardiovascular disease high blood pressure and myocardial ischemia clearly

In other words, the excess mortality rates caused by these diseases are higher. Associated with the period of the outbreak and death from COVID-19.

The results of this study reflect the importance of disease prevention and control. at the national level and defense of each of us in order not to be infected or not re-infected

Live a conscious life, don’t be careless, protect yourself regularly.

Improve the environment in your home, workplace, where you eat, drink, travel, study to have better ventilation.

Watch out for risky behavior. Don’t share food, use things together.

put on the mask correctly It will greatly reduce the risk. Both from COVID-19 and PM2.5

refer
Han L et al. Excess cardiovascular mortality across multiple COVID-19 waves in the United States from March 2020 to March 2022. Nature Cardiovascular Research. 27 February 2023.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Thira Woratanarat, Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University posted on Facebook Thira Woratanarat stating that February 12, 2023

Yesterday, around the world, there were 85,560 additional infections, 399 additional deaths, a total of 677,384,501 people, and a total of 6,781,153 deaths.

The top 5 most infected are Japan, Taiwan, Russia, South Korea and Austria.

As of yesterday, in the number of new infections, countries from Europe and Asia occupied nine of the top 10 and 18 of the top 20 globally.

The number of new infections per day around the world right now from Asia and Europe Together, it accounted for 97.76 percent of the world, while the number of deaths accounted for 89.47 percent.

Update knowledge of COVID-19 a lot today.

1. Paxlovid reduces hospitalization by 55% and reduces the risk of death by 85%.

Aggrawal NR and colleagues from the University of Colorado, USA, published the study in The Lancet Infectious Diseases on February 10.

The study was conducted between March and August 2022 to compare the morbidity rate leading to hospital admission and the mortality rate at 28 days among people infected with COVID-19. Of the 21,493 patients with mild symptoms, 9,881 had a history of taking Paxlovid and 11,612 had not.

The study found that taking Paxlovid reduced the risk of hospitalization by 55% and the risk of death by 85%.

2. How long will the vaccine protect us?

Wu N and colleagues from Canada A systematic review of the research was conducted. and performed a meta-analysis. To find out if the COVID-19 vaccination How long will it be effective in reducing the risk of infection, illness and death?

Published Feb. 10 in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine journal.

Review of studies from past to December 2022 with a total of 68 studies involving four vaccines, namely BNT162b2. [Pfizer–BioNTech]mRNA-1273 [Moderna]ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 [AZD1222; Oxford–AstraZeneca]and Ad26.COV2.S [Janssen]

It can be concluded that Completing the first course of vaccination (primary series) reduces the risk of infection by an average of 83% at the first 3 months after vaccination. But it drops quickly to 62% at 4 months.

While it reduced the risk of severe illness by an average of 92%, it decreased to 79% at 8 months and reduced the risk of death by an average of 91%, down to 86% at 6 months.

However, what must be emphasized is that the era with the Omicron epidemic found that the effectiveness of the vaccine will decrease than before. of infections, illnesses and deaths

In addition, if looking at the effectiveness of the booster vaccination Most of the available studies were during the Omicron outbreak, with an average of 70% efficacy in preventing infection, but it dropped to 43% at 4 months after the booster.

And reduces the risk of severe illness by 89%, but drops to about 71% at 4 months after injection, which research data to date is insufficient to conclude about the effectiveness of the booster vaccine in reducing deaths.

…This study highlights the importance of booster vaccination. Especially in the era of Omicron, a protracted epidemic like today.

and if following other research that have come to exchange them all the time will be found to be consistent Several studies have shown its efficacy in reducing the risk of severe illness and death. after needle injection should be at a level that is high enough to protect for about 7-11 months

3. Immune disorders among Long COVID patients

Yin K and colleagues from UCSF, USA Disseminate the results of laboratory studies. By comparing the immunological characteristics from the blood of a group of Long COVID patients with that of a group who had been infected but was not Long COVID

Published in bioRxiv Feb. 10.

It was found that Long COVID patients had a T-cell immune system abnormality with a large number of CD4 T-cells accumulating in the tissues where inflammation occurred. and functional exhaustion of CD8 T-cells.

The research team expects Immune abnormalities in Long COVID patients may arise from the presence of the virus in the body. This is consistent with the assumptions of other research teams around the world.

refer
1. Aggraval NR et al. Real-world use of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in outpatients with COVID-19 during the era of omicron variants including BA.4 and BA.5 in Colorado, USA: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 10 February 2023.
2. Wu N et al. Long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against infections, hospitalisations, and mortality in adults: findings from a rapid living systematic evidence synthesis and meta-analysis up to December, 2022. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 10 February 2023.
3. Yin K et al. Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation, and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. 10 February 2023.