Sweetener Erythritol Linked to Stroke Risk

New Research Raises Concerns Over Popular Sugar Substitute

A widely used sugar substitute, erythritol, found in numerous “sugar-free” and low-carbohydrate products, may pose significant health risks, according to recent laboratory findings. The research suggests potential negative impacts on blood vessels and clot formation.

Cellular Impact of Erythritol Revealed

University of Colorado Boulder scientists investigated the effects of erythritol, a sugar alcohol derived from fermenting corn, on cells that line the brain’s blood vessels. The study revealed that exposure to erythritol altered these cells in several detrimental ways.

Specifically, treated cells showed a reduction in nitric oxide, a crucial molecule for relaxing and widening blood vessels. Concurrently, they exhibited an increase in endothelin-1, a protein that constricts vessels. Furthermore, the cells’ ability to break down blood clots was significantly impaired.

Reactive oxygen species, also known as “free radicals,” which can damage cells and cause inflammation, were also produced at higher levels by the erythritol-exposed cells.

“Big picture, if your vessels are more constricted and your ability to break down blood clots is lowered, your risk of stroke goes up. Our research demonstrates not only that, but how erythritol has the potential to increase stroke risk.”

—Auburn Berry, Graduate Student

Broader Health Implications and Recommendations

These cellular changes, if they occur in the body, could elevate the risk of stroke. Senior author Christopher DeSouza, a professor of integrative physiology, noted that the study used a typical serving size of the sweetener and that consuming multiple servings daily could potentially worsen these effects.

This cellular research follows an earlier epidemiological study involving 4,000 individuals, which found a correlation between higher circulating levels of erythritol and an increased likelihood of heart attack or stroke within three years. The current findings provide a potential mechanism for this association.

While the researchers emphasize that their study was conducted in a lab setting on cells and that larger human studies are necessary, they advise consumers to be aware of their intake.

“Given the epidemiological study that inspired our work, and now our cellular findings, we believe it would be prudent for people to monitor their consumption of non-nutrient-sweeteners such as this one,” stated DeSouza.

For context, a 2023 study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association also highlighted that common artificial sweeteners, including erythritol, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Understanding Erythritol

Erythritol has gained popularity for its near-zero calorie count and minimal impact on blood sugar and insulin levels, making it a favored choice for those managing weight or diabetes. However, its widespread presence in foods like ice cream, protein bars, and beverages warrants closer scrutiny of its health effects.

DeSouza encourages consumers to check product labels for erythritol or other “sugar alcohols” to make informed dietary choices.