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Diarrhea Surge in East OKU: Causes & Prevention

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

Did You Know: Drought Conditions Increase Diarrhea Risk in East OKU, South Sumatra?

Recent data from the East OKU (Ogan Komering Ulu Timur) District Health Office in South Sumatra reveals a significant increase in diarrhea cases, wiht 4,077 infections reported between January and August. A concerning majority of these cases have affected children, highlighting their increased vulnerability to the illness. Fortunately, all patients receiving treatment at local hospitals have fully recovered.

the surge in cases is directly linked to the region’s prolonged dry season and the resulting decline in water quality. The Komering river, a vital water source for residents of East OKU, experiences reduced water flow during droughts. This decrease in flow leads to a higher concentration of bacteria, increasing the risk of contamination and subsequent diarrheal infections.

“Because Komering River water is a source of life for the people of East OKU Regency for daily needs,” explained Umaidah Kosim, Head of Disease Prevention and Control division (P2P) at the East OKU Health Office. The diminished water quality creates a breeding ground for pathogens that cause diarrhea.To combat the outbreak and prevent further spread, the East OKU Health office is actively promoting the Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS). this initiative focuses on educating the public about preventative measures, including maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, engaging in regular exercise, and – crucially – avoiding the direct consumption of river water.

Health officials strongly advise boiling any river water thoroughly before consumption, even during periods that aren’t considered peak drought. This public health campaign, delivered through local Puskesmas (community health centers), aims to build a strong defense against diarrhea within the community.

Source: Antaranews.

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Health

Ulcerative Colitis: Dysbiosis, OTUD3 & STING Link to Disease

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a debilitating condition affecting millions globally, is characterized by inflammation of the large intestine. Sufferers experience pain, cramping, and frequent, often bloody, bowel movements. While periods of remission are possible, the disease is prone to sudden flare-ups, bringing renewed pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Currently, there is no known cure for UC.

The intestinal flora, the community of microbes residing in the gut, plays a significant role in UC, though its precise involvement remains elusive. In healthy individuals, a diverse array of beneficial microbes aids digestion and supports overall bodily functions. Conversely, individuals with UC often exhibit an imbalanced intestinal flora, a condition known as dysbiosis, marked by a reduction in beneficial microbes and an increase in harmful ones.

A recent study, published in Science Immunology and spearheaded by researchers at The University of Osaka, has identified a synergistic relationship between dysbiosis, mutations in the OTUD3 gene, and STING signaling in exacerbating UC. Specific variations within the OTUD3 gene, referred to as single nucleotide variants (SNVs), are recognized as a risk factor for developing UC.

The research team’s breakthrough came from analyzing intestinal flora samples from both healthy individuals and those with UC. “We transplanted the intestinal flora of healthy individuals and of patients with UC into mice with mutant OTUD3 and mice with normal OTUD3. The only mice that developed symptoms of UC were the ones with mutant OTUD3 that received UC flora,” explained Bo Li, the study’s lead author.

Subsequently, the researchers investigated the connection between dysbiosis and OTUD3 gene mutations. Their findings pointed to STING, a protein that becomes activated by gut microbes when the OTUD3 gene is mutated.

“We found that dysbiosis in people with UC leads to activation of STING signaling, leading to inflammation in the colon. When we transplanted UC intestinal flora into OTUD3 mutant mice without the STING gene, we saw no symptoms of UC,” stated Bo Li.

These findings underscore the interplay between genetic factors and the intestinal surroundings in the development of UC, suggesting that both might potentially be crucial targets for future therapeutic interventions.”We were able to elucidate the mechanism of onset and aggravation of UC, which involves OTUD3 gene mutations and disturbances in the intestinal flora,” commented senior author Hisako Kayama. “Our study suggests that dysbiosis and STING signaling might potentially be therapeutic targets for UC.We hope our results will lead to improved diagnosis and individualized treatment of UC.”

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Health

Measles Surge: Cases Double – Symptoms & Prevention Guide

by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor
written by Dr. Michael Lee – Health Editor

Measles Cases Surge: Unvaccinated Children at Highest Risk

Table of Contents

A recent report from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) reveals a concerning increase in measles cases,with 65 reports in May compared to 37 the previous month. The data indicates that approximately 90% of those affected had not received the measles vaccine, highlighting the critical role of vaccination in preventing the spread of this highly contagious disease. The most vulnerable population remains children, who are particularly susceptible to severe complications.

Key Findings on Measles Outbreaks

The ISS surveillance system’s “Morbillo & Rosolia News” bulletin detailed several key trends in measles infections between January 1 and May 31 of this year.

  • nearly half (48.8%) of those infected were 15 years or older.
  • The highest impact was observed in children aged 0-4 years.
  • 18 cases were reported in infants under one year old, who rely on herd immunity for protection as they are too young for vaccination.

Did You Know? Herd immunity, achieved through high vaccination rates, protects vulnerable individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants and those with certain medical conditions.

Understanding Measles: Symptoms and Complications

Measles is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by a virus. it is characterized by high fever, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, and a distinctive rash (exanthema).While often considered a childhood illness, measles can lead to severe complications.

Potential Complications of Measles

  • Bacterial superinfections: otitis media, laryngitis, diarrhea, pneumonia.
  • Encephalitis (brain inflammation): can be fatal in 15% of cases and cause permanent damage in 40%,including mental retardation,epilepsy,and deafness.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), measles caused an estimated 128,000 deaths globally in 2021, mostly among unvaccinated or under-vaccinated children WHO.

Factors Contributing to the Increase in Measles Cases

The ISS report indicates that measles transmission primarily occurred within families.Moreover, 20% of reported cases between January and May were linked to international travel. The increase in contagions during May may be associated with travel during recent holidays, including visits to countries experiencing measles outbreaks.

Pro Tip: before traveling, verify your vaccination status and ensure your children are up-to-date on their vaccinations, especially against measles.

The Importance of Vaccination

Vaccination remains the primary tool for preventing measles and its complications. However,vaccination coverage in the country is below the 95% safety threshold recommended by the WHO to ensure population immunity. Data from the Ministry of Health reveals the following vaccination coverage rates:

Vaccine Dose Age Group Coverage Rate (2023)
First Dose 24-month-olds (2021 birth cohort) 94.6%
Second Dose 5-6 year olds (2016 birth cohort) 84.8%

Only 10 regions have achieved the 95% vaccination coverage goal for the first dose, and no region has reached it for the second dose. The Ministry of Health provides detailed regional vaccination data.

Encephalitis Cases and Complications

Data from the ISS surveillance system shows that over half of those infected were hospitalized,and one in three experienced at least one complication.Common complications included hepatitis/increased transaminases and pneumonia. Three cases of encephalitis were reported in unvaccinated individuals (two adults and one pre-adolescent).

Preventing Measles: A Call to Action

Measles vaccination is mandatory and free for minors up to 16 years. The combined MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella) or MMR trivalent vaccine (measles-mumps-rubella) is administered in two doses: the first in the second year of life and a booster at 5-6 years.

Given the recent increase in measles cases and the potential for severe complications, what steps will you take to ensure your family is protected? How can communities work together to improve vaccination rates and prevent future outbreaks?

Evergreen insights on Measles

Measles, once considered a common childhood illness, has seen a resurgence in recent years due to declining vaccination rates. The disease is caused by a virus and spreads through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Before the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963,nearly all children contracted the disease. Though, widespread vaccination efforts led to a significant decline in cases and even elimination in some regions. The current increase in cases underscores the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage to protect individuals and communities from this preventable disease.

Frequently Asked Questions about Measles

What are the early symptoms of measles?

Early symptoms of measles typically include fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis).A characteristic rash usually appears 3-5 days after the onset of symptoms, starting on the face and spreading down the body.

How is measles diagnosed?

Measles is usually diagnosed based on the characteristic symptoms and rash. A healthcare provider may also order laboratory tests, such as a blood test or nasal swab, to confirm the diagnosis.

Is there a treatment for measles?

There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. This may include rest, fluids, and medications to reduce fever and cough.In some cases, vitamin A supplementation may be recommended.

How long is a person with measles contagious?

A person with measles is contagious from four days before the rash appears to four days after the rash appears. it is important to isolate infected individuals during this period to prevent further spread of the disease.

Can adults get measles?

Yes, adults can get measles if they are not vaccinated or have not had the disease previously. Adults who contract measles may experience more severe symptoms and complications compared to children.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information and should not be considered medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance on measles prevention and treatment.

Share this article to raise awareness about the importance of measles vaccination. Subscribe to our newsletter for more health updates!

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Health

Kenya Cholera Outbreak: 5 Dead

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com
written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Kenya Faces Dual Health Crises: Cholera and Leishmaniasis

nairobi, Kenya – April 9, 2025

Cholera Claims Lives Amidst Flood Recovery

The Kenyan government is battling a cholera outbreak that has already claimed five lives. The outbreak follows major floods that impacted parts of the country last year, creating conditions conducive to the spread of the disease.

Understanding Cholera

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by contaminated food and water. It leads to severe diarrhea, vomiting, and muscle cramps. Children are particularly vulnerable to the infection.

Government response

Ministry of Health Official Mary Muthoni issued a statement urging vigilance:

The government asks you to be very aware of the surrounding surroundings, to handle the cholera outbreak which has now claimed more than five lives throughout the country.
Mary muthoni,Ministry of Health official

Affected Regions

The Ministry of Health reported that the disease has surfaced in Migori,Kisumu,and Nairobi. As of Tuesday, officials reported 97 cases and six deaths.

  • migori
  • Kisumu
  • Nairobi

There has been 97 cases of cholera, including six deaths according to a ministry spokesperson.

Regional Impact

Cholera’s impact extends beyond Kenya. South Sudan has been severely affected, with nearly 700 deaths reported last month, according to the United Nations.

Leishmaniasis Adds to Health Woes

Along with cholera, Kenya is also grappling with an outbreak of Leishmaniasis. More than 1,000 cases have been reported, with dozens of deaths.

Leishmaniasis Details

Leishmaniasis is caused by microscopic parasites transmitted by sand flies. It can manifest as boils and scars, and in some forms, it attacks internal organs. The disease is often linked to poverty and poor urban sanitation.

Mortality Rate

we have recorded 33 deaths Muthoni stated, highlighting the severity of the Leishmaniasis outbreak.

Public Health Recommendations

The Kenyan government is urging citizens to take preventative measures to combat both cholera and Leishmaniasis.Thes include:

  • Ensuring access to clean water
  • Practicing proper sanitation and hygiene
  • Avoiding contact with sand flies
  • Seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms develop
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Health

Pneumonia: Understanding the Respiratory Disease Beyond Wet Lungs

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com
written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Certainly! here is the content you requested:

Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management

Diagnosis:

  • Clinical Appearance: If​ the clinical ⁢appearance⁣ suggests a transudative⁤ effusion, but the pleural fluid is an exudate according ‌to Light’s criteria,⁣ the difference between albumin levels in ‌serum ​and‍ in pleural fluid should⁣ be⁣ measured.
  • Albumin Levels: ‍Almost all patients with a serum albumin level >1.2 g/dL higher ‌than the pleural‌ fluid⁤ albumin level have a transudative effusion.

Treatment:

  • Proper Diagnosis: A ‍proper ⁤diagnosis, when done in a timely manner,​ may make ‌all the difference when‍ you are on ⁢the path ‍to ​recovery.
  • Pulmonologist Involvement: Once there ⁤is a confirmed diagnosis and the ​reason behind the pleural effusion ​is evident, then your pulmonologist ​will determine the appropriate treatment plan.

Understanding Pneumonia and Pleural Effusion:

  • Pneumonia: ⁣Pneumonia is an infection ⁤that causes inflammation of the air sacs in one or both lungs. The‌ air⁣ sac ​can be filled with fluid or pus‌ (festering material), which causes coughing up phlegm or festering, fever,‍ chills, and difficulty breathing.
  • Causes: Various organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause‌ pneumonia. Pneumonia can have​ a severity ranging from mild to ‍life-threatening.
  • At-Risk Groups: the most serious pneumonia occurs in infants⁣ and young children, people over the age of 65 years, and people with health ‍problems or weak immune ⁢systems.
  • Symptoms: Signs and ⁤symptoms of⁤ pneumonia vary from mild to⁤ severe, ‌depending on factors such as the types of germs⁤ that cause infection, age, and‌ your ⁤overall⁤ health.

– Mild Symptoms: Ofen similar to flu symptoms or colds, but last longer.
– Signs and symptoms: Include chest pain when breathing or coughing, confusion or changes in mental awareness (in adults aged 65 years and over), cough which might produce phlegm, fatigue, fever,​ sweat and shiver, body temperature lower than⁤ normal‍ (in adults over ​65 years old and people with⁣ a‌ weak immune system), nausea, vomiting ⁤or diarrhea, difficulty ⁢breathing.Newborns and‌ toddlers may not show signs of⁤ infection, or they may vomit, ​have a fever⁤ and cough, look restless or tired and not powerful, or have difficulty breathing and eating.

For more ⁣detailed information, you can ​refer to the following sources:

  1. Nao Medical
  2. LungMDs
  3. PMC

Formation of Fluid in⁤ the Lungs

fluid accumulation in the​ lungs, known ⁢as pleural effusion, can occur due to various reasons. ​These include‌ infections such as tuberculosis or other inflammatory conditions. Other causes include ⁣complications from cancer and protein balance disorders in the body. The symptoms of pleural effusion⁢ are:

  • chest pain, especially when coughing and breathing
  • Dyspnea ‍or ‌shortness of breath
  • Orthopnea, which‍ is the inability‌ to breathe easily except when sitting or standing upright
  • Some people with pleural effusion may have no symptoms

Refutes the Myth of Wet Lungs

There are many myths that associate wet lungs with habits such as night bathing or prolonged exposure to fan air. However, Prof. Tjandra emphasized that these assumptions ‌are just myths.

1. The Lungs⁢ are Wet Due to Night Showers

Health practitioners,Dr. Andi Khomeini takdir, also dismissed the opinion that ⁤night bathing habits cause wet lungs.‍ According to him, bathing at night and being hit by a fan⁤ has nothing‌ to do with wet lungs.

“Wet ⁤lungs or pneumonia are infections. There is no connection with a night bath, because bathing is ‍just an ordinary ⁢activity,” said Dr. Koko,his nickname at AFP.

2. The Lungs are‌ Wet Due to Night ⁤Fans

Pulmonary specialist Dr.Deny Noviantoro, SPP, also⁤ stated that the assumption of fans causing pneumonia or wet lungs is just ‍a myth. According to Dr. Deny, this disease is more ⁢frequently enough caused by exposure to dust, ⁢bacteria, viruses, and⁤ fungi.

“Basically, the fan does not cause this disease. However, if the fan contains bacteria, viruses,⁣ or fungi due to rarely cleaned, ‍then that can be a threat. If the fan is clean and used ⁢at a reasonable speed, then ‍it will not be a problem. As long as the ​body‌ is in good health,”​ explained Dr. Deny in⁣ an online webinar.

“Sometimes, if our immune system is‍ decreasing, bacteria ‌that we should be able to fight can actually cause ⁢symptoms of the disease. Though, that does not meen‍ that ‍the fan directly causes the lungs wet,” he added.

Conclusion

This explanation provides a distinction between ⁢wet lungs and pneumonia, as well as an understanding of their causes and symptoms.‍ Hopefully, this information is helpful!

(aau/fds)

Understanding Pleural effusion: diagnosis, Treatment, adn Management

Pleural effusion is⁢ a medical condition where fluid accumulates in the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall. Understanding the diagnosis, treatment, and management of pleural effusion is crucial for effective patient ⁢care. In this interview, ⁤the Senior Editor of world-today-news.com sits down with Dr. Emily Hartley, a renowned specialist in respiratory medicine, to discuss the nuances of pleural ⁤effusion.

Interview with Dr. Emily‍ Hartley

Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion

Clinical Appearance and Albumin levels

Editor: Dr.⁢ Hartley,can you explain the process of diagnosing pleural effusion,especially focusing on⁢ the clinical appearance and albumin levels?

Dr. Emily Hartley: Certainly. When diagnosing pleural effusion,one of the first ⁢steps is to assess the clinical appearance of the⁢ fluid. If the clinical appearance suggests ⁣a transudative effusion, but the pleural fluid is resolute to be an exudate​ according to Light’s criteria, it’s essential to measure the difference between albumin levels in serum and⁢ in pleural fluid.

Editor: How critically important is the serum albumin level in this context?

Dr. emily Hartley: Almost all patients with a serum albumin level greater than 1.2 g/dL can be ‍at risk. If the pleural effusion ⁣is exudative, it indicates a more complex underlying condition that needs thorough investigation.

Causes and Symptoms of Wet Lungs⁣ and Pneumonia

Editor: Can you help distinguish between wet lungs and pneumonia, and what are their typical causes and‍ symptoms?

Dr. Emily Hartley: ‌ Wet lungs, or pleural⁣ effusion, occurs when‍ fluid accumulates in the pleural space. This can be due to various​ conditions,including heart failure,infections,or malignancy. Pneumonia, conversely, is an infection in‌ the lungs caused by‍ bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms can ⁤overlap, but wet lungs usually present with shortness of breath ⁢and⁢ chest pain, while pneumonia may include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.

Editor: how ⁣does⁤ the immune system‌ play a role‍ in ⁢these conditions?

Dr. Emily Hartley: Sometimes, if​ our immune system is decreasing,⁤ bacteria ⁤that we should be able to fight can actually cause symptoms of the disease. Though, that does not mean that the fan directly causes the lungs to become ⁤wet.

Conclusion

Editor: Dr. Hartley, what are the main takeaways from our discussion today?

Dr. Emily Hartley: The main takeaways are the importance of accurate diagnosis through clinical assessment​ and laboratory tests,‌ the distinction between wet​ lungs and pneumonia, and the role of⁤ the immune ⁤system in‍ these conditions.⁤ Understanding these nuances can ⁣lead to more effective treatment and management of pleural effusion.

Editor: Thank you, Dr. Hartley, for your⁤ insightful discussion on pleural⁤ effusion.

Dr. Emily Hartley: You’re welcome. It was a pleasure discussing this vital topic.

(aau/fds)

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Health

This is what happens to the body when it accidentally swallows maggots

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com
written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Jakarta –

Viral video of netizens accidentally swallowing worms while eating chicken. In the video, you can see several worms nesting between the bones of the eaten chicken.

“It’s almost over,” said social media netizen X @bacottetangxxx

What are Maggots?

Maggots are larvae or young forms of insects, especially flies. When flies find the right food source, such as rotting meat or fruit, they will lay eggs there.

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These eggs then hatch into worms, which then grow and develop in the food.

Effects of Population Drugs

Internal medicine specialist, Dr. Aru Ariadno, SpPD-KGEH, said that basically, maggots have high protein levels.

However, since they live on organic waste, maggots can be contaminated with dangerous substances, such as bacteria, worm eggs or viruses. If swallowed it can affect health.

“If it is swallowed, it is possible that an infection with the maggots will occur,” he told detikcom, Saturday (19/10/2024).

If the maggots are contaminated with worm eggs, the person who swallows them can get worms. In addition, it is also possible to be exposed to bacterial and viral infections if the body’s immune system is unhealthy.

“Nausea, vomiting, and even diarrhea, such as being contaminated with e coli bacteria,” he continued.

Accidentally Swallowed, Can Maggots Live in the Stomach?

According to Dr. Aru, if you accidentally swallow worms you will die of stomach acid.

“So the possibility of maggots living in a healthy human body as a result of ingestion is small,” he continued.

Efforts required

Dr. Aru said if you have swallowed worms while eating, try to drink a lot of water.

If you have symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, go immediately to the nearest hospital or clinic.

Next: How to prevent maggots in food

2024-10-19 23:02:00
#body #accidentally #swallows #maggots

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