Hurricane Melissa Batters Cuba as Rapid Intensification Fuels Extreme weather
Santiago, Cuba – Hurricane Melissa made landfall in Cuba Tuesday, bringing torrential rainfall and risky storm surge to the island nation. The Category 5 storm, which rapidly intensified over the weekend, impacted eastern Cuba, including the island’s second-largest city, Santiago, prompting evacuations and widespread concern.
Melissa was expected to generate a storm surge of up to 12 feet (3.6 meters) and deliver up to 20 inches (51 centimeters) of rain to parts of eastern Cuba. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) also warned of 5 to 10 inches (13 to 26 centimeters) of rainfall, with the potential for flash flooding, in the southeastern Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos on Tuesday and Wednesday, with additional rainfall expected in southern Hispaniola through Wednesday.
The storm’s rapid strengthening is linked to unusually warm ocean temperatures, a trend climate scientists attribute to climate change. Melissa transitioned from a tropical storm last Tuesday to a hurricane on Saturday, then rapidly intensified into a Category 5 hurricane early Monday morning. Scientists noted that ocean waters approximately 2 to 3 degrees Celsius (3.6 to 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) above normal contributed to a doubling of Melissa’s wind speed in under 24 hours.
Rapid intensification, defined as an increase of at least 30 knots or 35 mph (56 kph) in maximum sustained winds, is becoming more common as ocean temperatures rise, providing hurricanes with increased fuel and the capacity to unleash heavier rainfall. Melissa marks the fourth Atlantic storm this year to undergo this phenomenon. The swift escalation of storm intensity poses challenges for forecasting and emergency preparedness efforts.