Causes and Symptoms

Understanding Legionnaires’ Disease

Legionnaires’ disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. Unlike Pontiac fever, a milder respiratory infection, Legionnaires’ disease attacks the lungs and can be life-threatening. The bacteria is commonly found in freshwater environments, including lakes, streams, and soil. However,outbreaks are often linked to human-made water systems.

Transmission occurs when tiny water droplets containing the bacteria are inhaled. Common sources of contamination include hot tubs, shower heads, fountains, faucets, and humidifiers, particularly within large buildings with complex water systems. The ODH specifically highlights the increasing annual trend in reported cases, noting approximately 600 cases were documented in 2015.

Who is at Risk?

Certain populations are more vulnerable to Legionnaires’ disease. Individuals aged 50 and older, current or former smokers, those with weakened immune systems, and residents or patients in hospitals or long-term care facilities face a heightened risk. According to the Cleveland Clinic, these groups are more susceptible to severe illness.

Symptoms and Treatment

symptoms of Legionnaires’ disease include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and nausea. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial for a positive outcome. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes the importance of proactive measures by building owners and managers to control Legionella growth and prevent outbreaks. These measures include regular water system maintenance, disinfection protocols, and monitoring for bacterial contamination. Specifically, the CDC recommends implementing a Water Management Program (WMP) based on the ASHRAE Standard 188.