New Blood Type Discovered in Caribbean Woman

Scientists have identified a novel blood type in a woman from Guadeloupe, marking a significant advancement in medical science. This discovery, dubbed “Gwada negative,” could impact future medical treatments for individuals with rare blood types.

Groundbreaking Discovery

The French Blood Establishment (EFS) announced the identification of this new blood type on Friday. The EFS indicated that the woman is currently the only known carrier of “Gwada negative.” The discovery came 15 years after researchers received a blood sample. This sample was taken from a patient who was undergoing routine tests ahead of a surgery.

The EFS made the announcement via social media, stating the finding is the 48th blood group system recognized globally. The International Society of Blood Transfusion officially acknowledged the discovery in early June. Prior to this, the scientific association had recognized 47 blood group systems.

“The EFS has just discovered the 48th blood group system in the world!”

— French Blood Establishment

Thierry Peyrard, a medical biologist at the EFS involved in the discovery, told AFP that an “unusual” antibody was first identified in the patient in 2011. Due to resource constraints, further research was impossible at that time.

The mystery was ultimately solved in 2019, thanks to “high-throughput DNA sequencing.” This process highlighted a genetic mutation, as explained by Peyrard. The patient, who was 54 at the time, was undergoing routine tests before surgery when the unknown antibody was detected.

The Woman’s Unique Status

Peyrard stated that the woman “is undoubtedly the only known case in the world.” He added that she “is the only person in the world who is compatible with herself.” The medical biologist noted that the woman inherited the blood type from both parents, who carried the mutated gene.

Peyrard also mentioned the name “Gwada negative” for its reference to the patient’s origins and its universal appeal. The ABO blood group system was first found in the early 1900s. Advances in DNA sequencing have quickened the pace of discovering new blood groups.

Peyrard and his colleagues are now trying to find more individuals with the same blood group. According to the American Red Cross, only about 41% of the U.S. population can donate blood, underscoring the importance of identifying and assisting those with uncommon blood types (American Red Cross).

Impact and Future Research

“Discovering new blood groups means offering patients with rare blood types a better level of care,” the EFS stated.