COVID-19 and Vascular Aging: New study Reveals Long-Term Impacts
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Geneva, Switzerland – August 20, 2025 โข – A landmark international study has revealed that individuals who have survived COVID-19, especially women, exhibit signs of accelerated vascular aging. However,emergingโข evidence โsuggests that some of this damage may be partially reversible over โฃtime,offering a glimmer โฃof hope for long-term recovery.

The Vascular Impact of COVID-19
Published in the European Heart Journal, โคthe research examines the lasting effectsโ of COVID-19 on the vascular system. The study indicates that the โpandemic has left aโ measurable mark,resembling accelerated aging,which is not always permanent. This legacy is particularly relevantโ to individuals โexperiencing Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS),as defined by the world Health Association (WHO) as symptoms persisting for at least two months โafter initial infection [[1]].
Researchers found that the effects of โCOVID-19 extend beyond acute illness, potentially โimpacting a significant portion of survivors. the โmostโ concerning manifestations are observed in the cardiovascular system,โ including dysautonomia, microvascular vasospasm, myocardial infarction, and venous thromboembolia. These issues are likely linked to endothelial injuries, inflammation, and coagulation disorders.
The Cartesian Cohort โStudy
The study,known asโฃ theโ Cartesian cohort,assessed arterialโค rigidity using the speed of carotid-femoral pulse wavesโ (PWV),aโ non-invasive indicator of aortic stiffness and “vascular age”โค with established prognostic value. Previous,smaller studies suggested increased PWV during and after โคCOVID-19,butโ lacked detailed analysis byโฃ clinical severity and sex.
The Cartesian โcohort registered 2,390 participants across โ34 centers, categorizing them into four groups: individuals negative for COVID-19 (n=391), those with non-hospitalized infectionsโ (n=828), those hospitalized in general wards (n=729), and those requiring intensive careโ (n=146).
| Group | Number of Participants | Average PWV Increase (m/s) Compared to Controls |
|---|---|---|
| Non-Hospitalized | 828 | +0.41 |
| Hospitalized | 729 | +0.37 |
| Intensive Care Unit | 146 | +0.40 |
At an average follow-up of six months post-infection, PWV was significantly elevated in all three COVID-19 positive groups compared to controls. however, a notable sex-based pattern emerged: women across all infection severity levels exhibited โฃhigher PWV, peaking among โthose who had been in the ICU with an adjusted increase of +1.09 m/s,while men showed no significant difference from the control group.
Persistent symptoms at six months were reported by 42% of COVID-19 survivors. โฃAmong women, symptom persistence correlated with higher PWV (+0.39 m/s), a relationship not observed in men.
Did You Know?
The WHO estimates that at least 10% of confirmed COVID-19 cases experience symptoms for longerโฃ than 12 weeks.
Sex Differences and Underlying Mechanisms
The study’s methodological strengths include the use of a validated vascular aging โmarker (PWV),โ a large and diverse international sample, and refined statistical models accounting for various factors. Further analysis of data from 1,024 participants over 12 months revealed that while controls showedโ expected age-relatedโฃ PWV progression, many COVID-19 survivors experienced a decrease, suggesting partial reversibility โof vascular damage.
Researchers theorize that the observed dynamics reflect a complex injury process, with some components being transient (endothelial activation, inflammation)โ while others may represent irreversible damage. The study raisesโ critical questions about why women appear more vulnerable.โค Potential explanations include survivor bias (severely illโ men may not survive to be studied), hormonal influences (estrogen’sโค impact onโ endothelial function), and social determinants โขof health, such as differential exposure and access to care.
The inflammatory environment during COVID-19, characterized by elevated levels of interleukins (IL-1, IL-6), tumor necrosisโค factor โข(TNF), and chemokines, likely contributes to endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. These processes can stiffen arteries and increase cardiac workload.
Pro Tip:
โMaintaining a healthy lifestyle, includingโ regular exercise and a โฃbalanced diet, can support vascular health and potentially mitigate some of the long-term effects of COVID-19.
Clinical โand Research Implications
Clinically, the โfindings suggest โthat cardiovascular risk assessment should be considered for individuals withโค PACS, with a particular focus on women reporting persistent symptoms. while the Cartesian study was not designed to test specific therapies, itโ underscores the importance of managing customary risk โfactors and providing patient education.
Future research should focus on dissecting sex-specific differences in post-viral endothelial function and immune responses, validatingโ PWV as a prognostic biomarker for PACS, and evaluating targeted strategies to reverseโ or mitigate vascular โdamage. Policymakers are encouragedโ to recognize theโ vascular legacy of COVID-19 and allocate resources for longitudinal surveillance and research.
this study paints a concerning picture โofโข COVID-19’s long-term impact on vascular health, with โขwomen โขbearingโ a disproportionate burden. Identifying modifiable targets and developing effective therapies are crucial to prevent โlong-term cardiovascular โขconsequences.
The link between viral infections and cardiovascular diseaseโ is not new. Influenza, such as,โข has long been associated with an increased risk of โคheart attack and stroke. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought this connection into sharp focus, highlighting the need for ongoingโฃ research and proactive cardiovascular care for individuals recovering from viral illnesses. Future studies will likely explore the role of microclots,โฃ persistent โinflammation,โฃ and autoimmune responses in the growth of long-term cardiovascular โขcomplications.
Frequently Asked Questions about COVID-19 andโ Vascular Aging
- What is vascular aging? Vascular agingโ refers to the stiffeningโ and decline โin function of blood vessels over time, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Is the vascular damage from COVID-19 permanent? The study suggests that some of the vascular damage may be reversible, but โคfurther research is needed to understand the long-term trajectory.
- Are men or womenโ more affected by COVID-19’s impact on vascular health? Women appear to be more significantly affected,exhibiting higher levels of arterial stiffness and a stronger correlation between persistent symptoms and vascular damage.
- What is PWV and why is it critically important? PWV (pulse wave velocity) isโ aโฃ non-invasive measure of arterial stiffness and a predictor of cardiovascularโค risk.
- What can I do to protect my vascular health after COVID-19? Managing traditional risk factors like blood pressure and cholesterol, maintaining a โคhealthy lifestyle, and seeking regular medical checkups are crucial.
Disclaimer:โค This article provides general facts and โฃshould not be considered medical advice. โPlease consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.
We hope this article has providedโ valuable insights into the long-term cardiovascular effects ofโข COVID-19. If you found this information helpful, please share it with your network, leave a comment below, or subscribeโ to our newsletter for more updates.