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Vaccination Brigades Encountering Resistance in Ciudad Juárez – Urgent Call for Public Participation in Measles and Rubella Campaign

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com April 7, 2024

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Ciudad Juárez.- After walking the streets of the Oasis Revolución neighborhood for several hours, knocking house to house to promote vaccination against measles and rubella among other biological agents, vaccination brigades called on citizens to receive them because few people opened the door to them. door.

The nurses shared that in several homes they did not open the door to them and there were those who refused to receive them for the application of the vaccines, so they called on the population to have confidence and remember that vaccination allows the prevention of serious diseases.

The current campaign seeks to achieve coverage for the population between one and five years of age, because during the pandemic some of them did not have access to early childhood vaccines by avoiding going to hospitals and health centers during the covid pandemic. .

That is why tours will be carried out in different sectors of the city, starting today, Saturday, in the neighborhoods of La Presa, Praderas de los Oasis and Granjas de Chapultepec.

The State Health Secretariat announced that the 2024 vaccination coverage campaign has the objective of preventing measles, rubella and mumps, given the increase in cases specifically of measles that have emerged in some cities in the country.

Among the biologicals that the brigade members bring are:

* Triple viral (measles, rubella and mumps) for babies one year old.
* Measles and rubella reinforcement for moments of four years, and for people from 10 to 39 years old.
* Influenza
* Tetanus
* Hepatitis A
* TDPA

This last vaccine that is used as a booster contains the toxoids diphtheria (against diphtheria), tetanus (against tetanus) and the acellular fraction of Pertussis against the bacteria Bordetella pertussis that causes whooping cough.

The nursing staff deployed in the city stressed that it is the responsibility of all people to contribute to public health, which is why they called on the population to participate and receive the staff to complete their vaccination schedule.

Data such as the name and age of the people are taken to record the coverage and doses applied, as well as to conduct a census of the population that was missing vaccines and those who already have complete coverage.

2024-04-06 19:52:58
#neighbors #open #vaccination #brigades

April 7, 2024 0 comments

Health

Record Breaking Number of Humans in Space – 20 Cosmonauts and Tourists on the International Space Station and Virgin Galactic’s VSS Unity

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com February 10, 2024

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

In the next one to two decades, the number of humans in space is predicted to double that number.

The 20 cosmonauts were both in space on Friday, January 26 2024. A total of 11 people were on the International Space Station (ISS), consisting of seven cosmonauts from the Expedition 70 mission and four private cosmonauts from the Ax- 3.

Apart from them, there are three Chinese taikonauts on the Tiangong space station and six tourists on Virgin Galactic’s Virgin Space Ship (VSS) Unity spacecraft.

Those on the ISS consisted of 2 United States astronauts, 3 Russian cosmonauts and 2 other astronauts, each representing Japan and the European Union. Their delivery to the ISS was coordinated by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Russian Space Agency Roscosmos.

Also read: Hibernating Humans for Space Travel and Medical Treatment

Meanwhile, four people from the Ax-3 mission were private astronauts who flew to the ISS with private support, not funded by the state. They are former NASA astronauts who became mission leaders and consist of astronauts from Italy, Turkey and the European Union.

NASA TV

Four private astronauts from the Ax-3 program (dark clothes in the front row) take a photo with seven astronauts on duty at the International Space Station (ISS) on January 20, 2024. The private astronauts were sent to the ISS with private support since mid-January and successfully landed on Earth on Friday (9/2/2024).

Just like other cosmonauts, they are also involved in a number of experiments on the ISS, especially those related to developing cosmonaut training programs for the future.

The private astronaut was sent into space by the private company Axiom Space, which is based in Houston, USA. They launched into space on January 18, 2024 and arrived at the ISS two days later. They returned from the ISS on February 7 and on Friday (9/2/2024) landed back on Earth.

In the next one to two decades, the number of humans in space is predicted to double that number.

Meanwhile, the six space tourists on VSS Unity consist of two pilots and four passengers who are members of the Galactic06 mission. They don’t live on a space station, but fly in a suborbital plane that reaches an altitude of 88 kilometers (km). This aircraft is capable of reaching outer space, but not orbiting the Earth.

In contrast to private astronauts who are still conducting research on the ISS, tourists on VSS Unity fly just to experience the sensation of being weightless for a few minutes. To be able to enjoy this experience, each passenger must pay 450,000 US dollars or around Rp. 7 billion.

NASA

Artist’s concept of human colonization of Mars. Even though Mars has air, humans cannot breathe. Apart from that, even though it looks bright, daytime temperatures on Mars are also too cold for humans. As a result, they still have to wear special clothing when doing outdoor activities.

However, the flying height of Virgin Calactic’s aircraft has faced pros and cons since its launch. According to NASA and US military standards, the boundary between Earth and outer space is at an altitude of 80 kilometers. Meanwhile, the international community uses the “Kármán line” at an altitude of 100 km as the outer space boundary.

Also read: Investigation of Mars’ Past Life Begins

This latest record, according to Space, Friday (9/2/2024), broke the Guinness Record for the largest number of people in space at one time.

The previous record was that 19 people were in space at once on December 11 2021. At that time, Blue Origin’s New Shepard suborbital aircraft managed to carry six tourists at an altitude of more than 100 km for about 10 minutes.

However, if measured based on the number of humans who have successfully orbited the Earth, the largest record will occur in May 2023. This limit is considered more meaningful because sending humans to orbit the Earth requires much more effort, greater funds, and of course more prime physical condition.

In May 2023, there will be 17 humans orbiting Earth, consisting of 11 cosmonauts on the ISS and two groups of Chinese taikonauts on Tiangong, each consisting of three cosmonauts. The existence of two groups of astronauts at Tiangong occurred due to an exchange of crew members on duty at the space station.

Future

The greatest human record in space, whatever its limitations, seems very small. However, this increase is very significant considering that we are currently still in the early stages of developing a space tourism program or the initial phase of sending private astronauts to the ISS.

NASA

Artist’s depiction of the first human colonization of Mars. This concept shows the mission of the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to bring a number of technologies to help the first humans on Mars colonize Mars more easily and safely.

At least the dream of being able to send more humans into space has become a reality. “The number of these astronauts will look very small in 10-15 years from now,” writes Space.

Currently, a number of private space stations are being built. In addition, the US and China are developing technology to develop human colonization on the Moon which is expected to occur in the next decade. These various programs will allow more humans to be in space for a while.

The progress of sending humans into space was also followed by various technological leaps. A number of institutions are developing large launch rockets capable of sending humans to the Moon and Mars.

Various aviation vehicles continue to be developed. In addition, humans’ ability to travel between planets for longer periods of time also continues to be tested.

Also read: Japan and the UAE do not want to lose in the exploration mission to the moon

Various human efforts to explore space further are made because they believe that space is the future of Earth’s humans.

Space does not only promise a new place that can support human life when the Earth’s carrying capacity continues to decline or provide abundant mineral resources. Space exploration promises benefits beyond that.

NASA

Northrop Grumman’s Antares rocket and Cygnus spacecraft launched from the Wallops Launch Facility in Virginia, United States, on November 7, 2022.

Outer space provides new frontiers for exploration and adventure to the development of thought and freedom of expression. Space encourages humans to continue to innovate and think about many things, including ethical issues.

Because of this, a number of experts say that now is a transition period from human civilization bound to Earth to a space-faring civilization.

This dream also made a number of developed countries compete to land and build colonies near the south pole of the Moon. However, that is not the final goal. The Moon will only be a stepping stone for humans to arrive and “subdue” Mars, which has much greater challenges.

As written by Livescience, February 5 2024, humans will begin to spread to various corners of the Solar System in the not too distant future.

This dispersal is not just a temporary stopover, but the ultimate goal is to form human colonies in new worlds and discover new resources that can be used to support the development of Earth.

If the baby boomers and previous generations were able to witness the first human landing on the Moon in 1969, then future generations are predicted to witness the development of the first human colonization on the Moon, Mars, and possibly an asteroid.

However, as the only planet in the Solar System that has life, at least until now Earth cannot be abandoned. Therefore, humans will defend and protect it even though the threats are increasingly difficult due to increasing population and environmental damage.

TWITTER/SPACEX

The four astronauts who were the first passengers on the full operation of SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft sat in the capsule ready to be launched. They were launched from Kennedy Spaceport, Florida, United States, Sunday (11/15/2020) evening local time, and stayed on the ISS to carry out a number of research.

Efforts to pursue space have made humans aware of the need to protect the Earth. Therefore, amidst the pros and cons in many developed countries that space exploration is a waste of budget, in fact space exploration encourages humans not only to develop, but also to maintain humanity.

2024-02-10 02:06:52
#Exploring #outer #space #step #humans #conquer #solar #system

February 10, 2024 0 comments

World

North Korea’s Most Powerful Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Test: Implications for US Security

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com December 21, 2023

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

AFP/KNS/KCNA

This undated image released by North Korea’s official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on December 19, 2023 shows a test launch of the Hwasongpho-18 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) at an undisclosed location in North Korea. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un personally oversaw the test launch of the country’s most powerful solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile this week, which could potentially reach the United States, state media said on December 19.

SEOUL, THURSDAY — North Korea insists it will not be the first party to give up nuclear weapons. However, Pyongyang will not hesitate to use nuclear weapons if it feels threatened. Meanwhile, South Korea emphasized that it would not seek to have nuclear weapons.

South Korean Defense Minister Shin Won-sik said Pyongyang had demonstrated the ability to fly intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM). “However, there has been no verification whether the missile can enter the atmosphere again and hit the target,” he said in Seoul, Thursday (21/12/2023), as quoted by the Yonhap news agency.

This assessment was conveyed after North Korea fired an ICBM this week. Pyongyang claims that the missile can reach various cities in the United States.

Also read: The US is no longer safe from North Korean nukes

Shin said that South Korea responded to the shooting by strengthening cooperation on North Korean nuclear supervision with the US and Japan. Seoul does not feel the need to have its own nuclear weapons. Because the US has promised to protect South Korea from nuclear attacks from other parties.

The discourse of having its own nuclear weapons is only worth discussing if the US nuclear umbrella for South Korea no longer exists. In fact, the US and South Korea are actually increasingly tightening their nuclear cooperation.

A provocative reply

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un once emphasized that North Korea’s nuclear power is only for defense. However, North Korea will not hesitate to use all its capabilities if its fundamental interests are disturbed by other parties.

In September 2022, North Korea passed legislation regarding the use of nuclear weapons. The law emphasizes that North Korea’s nuclear weapons should only be used if there is a serious provocation.

COMPASS

The United States flew long-range bomber aircraft for joint exercises with the South Korean and Japanese militaries on Wednesday (20/12/2023). This show of force responded to North Korea’s intercontinental ballistic missile test some time ago.

The law also prohibits sharing nuclear weapons or technology with other countries. Nuclear weapons were created to reduce the risk of nuclear war by preventing miscalculations among nuclear weapon states and the misuse of nuclear weapons.

North Korea’s Defense Minister once stated that the deployment of a US aircraft carrier, strategic bomber or nuclear-powered submarine in South Korea could be considered a provocation. The deployment fulfills the conditions for North Korea to use its nuclear weapons.

In 2017, when it launched its first ICBM, North Korea threatened to attack the US with nukes if the US showed even the slightest sign of overthrowing Kim. North Korea also threatened to use its nuclear weapons to sink Japan.

Also read: Again, North Korea launches missiles capable of reaching the US

In 2022, it will be South Korea’s turn to be threatened by Kim Yo Jong. Kim Jong Un’s younger brother stated that North Korea would not hesitate to use nuclear weapons if attacked by South Korea.

Full control

In the September 2022 law, it is emphasized that Kim Jong Un fully controls North Korea’s nuclear arsenal. However, if Kim’s chain of command or power were threatened, the missiles could be launched automatically.

North Korea has always tried to show that Kim continues to monitor North Korea’s nuclear arsenal. To do this, Pyongyang routinely broadcasts photos and videos of Kim monitoring North Korea’s supplies and nuclear tests.

This undated image released by North Korea’s official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on Tuesday (19/12/2023) shows a “Hwasongpho-18” type intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) on a mobile launcher at an undisclosed location in North Korea. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un personally oversaw the test launch of the country’s most powerful solid-fuel intercontinental ballistic missile this week, which could potentially reach the United States, state media said on December 19.

North Korea has not tested a nuclear weapon since 2017. However, analysts believe North Korea continues to produce uranium and plutonium for nuclear warheads. In a report by the Institute for Science and International Security, North Korea estimates that it has up to 96 nuclear warheads. North Korea has various types of warhead-launching missiles, including the Hwasong-18

In 2021, Kim boasted that North Korea would be able to make standard nuclear weapons in a smaller and lighter size. In 2023, Kim boasted that North Korea would expand its nuclear weapons and mass-produce tactical nuclear weapons.

North Korea also continues to develop new missiles to deliver nuclear weapons, including liquid and solid fuel ICBMs in large numbers and capable of reaching the US. North Korea is also developing short-range missiles.

Also Read: North Korea Simulates Retaliatory Nuclear Attack to Scorch Earth Gangster Country

An observer of North Korean politics and strategy at the Sejong Institute, Seoul, Cheong Seong-chang, said North Korea was ready to mass produce and deploy the Hwasong-18 ICBM which was launched this week. Next year, North Korea will most likely step up the strengthening of its defense posture.

To do this, North Korea will test solid-fuel ICBMs and ballistic missiles launched from submarines. North Korea is also said to be testing a multi-warhead ICBM. (REUTERS)

2023-12-21 11:15:55
#North #Korea #Sets #Conditions #Nuclear #Bombs #South #Korea #Doesnt #Nuclear #Bombs

December 21, 2023 0 comments

Health

Ministry of Health Warns of Escalating Cases of Neglected Infectious Diseases

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com December 20, 2023

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

KOMPAS/PRIYOMBODO

A medical officer marks the arm of a resident undergoing a Mantoux test during the “Active Case Finding TB” activity at the Larangan District office, Tangerang City, Banten, Thursday (5/1/2023).

JAKARTA, KOMPAS – During the Covid-19 pandemic, all attention was paid to treating various diseases. This makes efforts to control diseases other than Covid-19 suboptimal and uncontrollable. Reports of an increase in cases currently occurring are predicted to continue to increase.

Director of Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases at the Ministry of Health, Imran Pambudi, when met at the Ministry of Health office in Jakarta, Wednesday (20/12/2023), said that cases of neglected infectious diseases such as rabies and leprosy, as well as other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, were reported to continue to increase. This happened because during the pandemic, efforts to find new cases decreased significantly.

Also read: Be alert during the Covid-19 endemic

If new cases are not found, it means they cannot be treated and treated immediately, so the risk of transmission is increasingly widespread. Apart from that, treatment efforts in the community during the pandemic have also decreased because most people are afraid and worried about coming to health facilities.

If new cases are not found, it means they cannot be treated and treated immediately, so the risk of transmission is increasingly widespread. Apart from that, treatment efforts in the community during the pandemic have also decreased.

“The increase in cases of tuberculosis, leprosy and rabies is expected to continue to increase for 2-3 years after the pandemic. “This must be anticipated by starting to strengthen case detection in the community again,” he said.

Referring to data from the Ministry of Health, the trend in reported cases of tuberculosis deaths is increasing. In fact, the number of tuberculosis cases found is decreasing. As of December 18, 2023, deaths due to tuberculosis that occurred in 2023 reached 20,867 cases. This is an increase from 2018 when 10,682 cases were reported, 12,469 cases in 2019, 13,110 cases in 2020, and 14,152 cases in 2021.

MINISTRY OF HEALTH

Tuberculosis case trend data

Meanwhile, there were 570,289 cases of tuberculosis found in 2018, in 2019 there were 568,987 cases, in 2020 there were 393,323 cases, in 2021 there were 443,235 cases, and in 2023 it has only increased again to 768,422 cases.

Increased cases also occurred in leprosy and rabies. In leprosy, the number of cases recorded until the third quarter of 2023 reached 18,886 cases. This figure is even higher than in 2018 when 18,529 cases were reported. In rabies cases, an increase was not only found in the number of cases of bites from rabies-infecting animals but also in the death rate.

Also Read: Climate Change Increases the Threat of Infectious Diseases

The number of animal bites that transmit rabies in 2018 was reported to be 80,617 cases. It increased to 94,841 cases in 2019 and began to decline in 2021 to 57,257 cases. After that, a significant increase was reported to at least 154,877 cases as of November 2023. Meanwhile, in terms of deaths, in 2018 it was reported as many as 111 cases, in 2019 as many as 105 cases, in 2021 as many as 62 cases, and 117 cases in 2023.

Imran said that efforts to control infectious diseases in society must be increased again. Prevention, case finding and surveillance efforts need to be strengthened so that cases in the community can be handled immediately so that transmission does not spread further.

DEONISIA ARLINTA

Director of Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Health, Imran Pambudi

“Public awareness and willingness to be examined and treated is also very important as the key to controlling infectious diseases. “Mitigation efforts are also well prepared to anticipate if cases increase,” he said.

Countermeasures

Separately, the Director of Postgraduate Studies at Yarsi University who is also a Professor at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Tjandra Yoga Aditama, said that various warnings had actually been conveyed to various stakeholders not to neglect efforts to control other infectious diseases during the Covid-19 pandemic. The threat of other infectious diseases will increase if control efforts are relaxed.

According to him, when a pandemic occurs, there is not only a decline in efforts to examine and find cases in the community, but also in efforts to educate, prevent and treat. Therefore, efforts to control various diseases must be carried out better than before the pandemic to overcome backwardness.

Also read: Indonesia’s tough task in dealing with infectious diseases

“We have several targets for controlling infectious diseases and these targets must be achieved by implementing a clear road map. We must immediately be able to eliminate and even eradicate several neglected infectious diseases. These cases are few in number but they are not disappearing. “So, commitment is needed so that it can be eliminated,” said Tjandra.

2023-12-20 12:40:30
#Impact #Pandemic #Neglected #Infectious #Diseases #Continue #Increase

December 20, 2023 0 comments

Health

Wolbachia Mosquito: A Safe Innovation for Dengue Fever Suppression in Jakarta

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com November 27, 2023

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

Director of the UGM Center for Tropical Medicine, Riris Andono Ahmad, places his hand on a box containing Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that have been infected with Wolbachia bacteria, at the UGM Central Building, Yogyakarta, Wednesday (22/11/2023).

JAKARTA, KOMPAS — Innovations to suppress the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever or DHF using mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia bacteria in West Jakarta are still being socialized to residents. The DKI Jakarta Health Service guarantees that the Wolbachia mosquito bites that are being tested are safe for humans and environmentally friendly.

Epidemiology and Immunization Surveillance for the DKI Jakarta Health Service, Ngabila Salama, Monday (27/11/2023), said that the plan to spread the Wolbachia mosquito in West Jakarta was carried out because of the high number of dengue fever cases in the area.

The number of dengue fever cases in West Jakarta during January-August 2023 fluctuated, but tended to decrease. In January there were 132 cases, February 94 cases, March 105 cases, April 125 cases, May 95 cases, June 80 cases, July 66 cases, and August 39 cases.

Also read: “Wolbachia” technology is not the result of genetic engineering

The most dengue fever cases were found in Cengkareng District, namely 238 cases. Next in Kembangan District, there were 135 cases recorded and Kalideres 112 cases. Then in Kebon Jeruk there were 81 cases, Tambora 76 cases, Palmerah 51 cases, Grogol Petamburan 45 cases, and Taman Sari 33 cases.

The spread of mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia bacteria is in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1341 concerning the Implementation of Wolbachia Pilot Project as a Dengue Management Innovation.

KOMPAS/FERGANATA INDRA RIATMOKO (DRA)

Officers carry buckets containing Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs with Wolbachia bacteria at the launch of the plan to expand the benefits of mosquitoes with Wolbachia bacteria in Yogyakarta City at the Rejowinangun Village Office, Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Wednesday (2/9/2020).

For starters, the Wolbachia mosquito will be distributed in five cities in Indonesia. Apart from West Jakarta (DKI Jakarta), distribution was also carried out in Bandung (West Java), Semarang (Central Java), Bontang (East Kalimantan), and Kupang (East Nusa Tenggara). The distribution of Wolbachia mosquito larvae was carried out at 47,251 points in Semarang City, 20,513 points in Bandung City, 18,761 points in West Jakarta City, 9,751 points in Kupang City, and 4,917 points in Bontang City.

Ngabila said that the implementation of the spread of the Wolbachia mosquito in Indonesia previously succeeded in suppressing dengue cases in Yogyakarta in 2014. This success was one of the reasons why the spread of the Wolbachia mosquito was carried out again to suppress dengue cases, including in DKI Jakarta.

“Implementation in West Jakarta is still in the process of outreach to residents together with RT heads, RW heads and community leaders so that this implementation can run,” said Ngabila.

Also read: Dengue fever is getting more violent due to Global Warming

One of the innovations carried out by the government to reduce dengue transmission is by implementing mosquito technology carrying Wolbachia bacteria. This technology utilizes the natural Wolbachia bacteria which are found in 60 percent of insects.

The bacteria are then inserted into the Aedes aegypti mosquito, until it hatches and produces the Wolbachia-bearing Aedes aegypti mosquito. In this way, the Aedes aegypti population slowly decreases and is replaced by the Wolbachia-bearing Aedes aegypti mosquito.

When biting, the Aedes aegypti mosquito containing Wolbachia will not transmit the dengue fever virus to humans. This is because the development of the dengue virus has been successfully inhibited by the Wolbachia bacteria.

Ngabila said that the technology for spreading Wolbachia mosquitoes can paralyze the dengue virus in the body of the Aedes aegypti mosquito so that the dengue virus will not be transmitted to the human body. Ngabila emphasized that humans are not guinea pigs in this program, and there is no genetic engineering of mosquitoes.

“Mosquitoes that carry Wolbachia bacteria will continue to reproduce and will not carry the dengue fever virus so that future dengue fever cases will be reduced to zero by 2030 according to the target set by WHO,” he continued.

Bacteria safe

The main researcher on Wolbachia mosquito research who is also a Professor at the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Yogyakarta, Adi Utarini, added that the Wolbachia bacteria in the mosquito’s body are no different from the bacteria in the fly’s original host. fruit. Wolbachia technology has been proven safe for humans, animals and the environment.

Mosquitoes that carry Wolbachia bacteria will continue to reproduce and will not carry the dengue fever virus so that future dengue fever cases will be reduced to zero by 2030 according to the target set by WHO.

“Wolbachia is not genetically engineered. This bacteria is present in more than 50 percent of the insects around us. “So, Wolbachia is a natural bacteria which, when introduced into Aedes (aegypti) mosquito eggs, will experience a mechanism that inhibits the development of the dengue virus,” he said.

Acting Governor of DKI Jakarta Heru Budi Hartono previously also asked the Health Service to provide an explanation about mosquitoes to the public, especially residents of West Jakarta. This needs to be done so that the public does not misunderstand.

2023-11-27 11:24:15
#DKI #Health #Department #Promotes #Wolbachia #Mosquito #Bites #Safe #Humans

November 27, 2023 0 comments

Health

Large Volcanic Eruptions and Climate Change: Impact on Earth’s Environment and Life

by Chief editor of world-today-news.com October 11, 2023

written by Chief editor of world-today-news.com

AP PHOTO/AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE/POIS CHRISTOPHER SZUMLANSKI

In this photo released by the Australian Defense Force, debris from damaged buildings and scattered trees can be seen on Atata Island in Tonga, on January 28, 2022, following the eruption of Tonga’s underwater volcano Hunga Ha’apai which triggered a tsunami.

JAKARTA, KOMPAS — Greenhouse gas emissions caused by humans burning fossil fuels since the industrial revolution around 1850 have triggered modern climate change. Previously, climate change had occurred repeatedly with a cycle of 26 million to 33 million years due to volcanic eruptions, which then triggered an environmental crisis and mass extinction of living things.

The latest analysis published in the journal Earth-Science Reviews on Wednesday (11/10/2023) shows that large volcanic eruptions in the past have released large amounts of carbon dioxide into the Earth’s atmosphere. This phenomenon caused extreme greenhouse climate warming and almost wiped out life on the planet.

Significantly, this phenomenon occurs on average every 26 to 33 million years, which coincides with critical changes in the orbits of planets in the solar system that follow the same cyclical pattern. The last wave of volcanic eruptions studied occurred about 16 million years ago.

“Earth’s geological processes, which were thought to be largely determined by events within the planet, are actually controlled by astronomical cycles in the solar system and the Milky Way galaxy,” said Michael Rampino, a professor in New York University’s Department of Biology, who was the lead author. this paper.

The researchers, including Ken Caldeira of the Carnegie Institute for Science and Sedelia Rodriguez, a geologist at Barnard College, caution that their conclusions have nothing to do with 20th and 21st century climate change, which scientists say is driven by human activity. Repeated climate changes in the past were more caused by natural factors.

The researchers added that the analysis still supports the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on climate warming. The difference is, this time the carbon emissions that trigger global warming in the modern era are triggered by human activity.

Also read: The Toba eruption has had a major impact on life on Earth

KOMPAS/NIKSON SINAGA

The Toba Caldera Crossing Motorboat carried President Joko Widodo to cross from Ajibata Harbor to Samosir Regency, North Sumatra, Wednesday (2/2/2022). The President asked that development in the Lake Toba area be used to improve the community’s economy.

260 million years

Some of the new analyzes include high-quality radio-isotope dating (U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar) for Continental Flood-Basalt (CFB) eruptions, dating of widespread marine anoxia, recent dating of marine and non-marine extinction events, climate intervals hyperthermal, and the occurrence of Hg stratigraphic anomalies, as well as non-radiogenic Os-isotope anomalies as potential proxies for large-scale basaltic volcanism.

The CFB eruption was the largest series of volcanic eruptions on Earth with lava flows covering nearly half a million square miles. Some of these lava flows are on the seabed, but others appear on land, such as the Deccan Traps in India and the Ontong Java Plateau, a large oceanic plateau located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, north of the Solomon Islands.

Rampino and his team found that CFB eruptions often occur in conjunction with other deadly geological phenomena, explaining the greater impact of volcanic activity. At least 13 of 17 anoxic oceanic intervals are characterized by Hg stratigraphic anomalies, indicating eruptions occurred at the same time, and 5 anoxic intervals in the warm Cretaceous Period are correlated with marine Os-isotope ratios indicating potential hydrothermal activity.

Nine of the marine anoxic intervals so far correlate with the timing of marine extinction episodes, and eight of these anoxia or extinction events significantly correlate with the ages of CFB eruptions long ago.

Large volcanic eruptions in the past have released large amounts of carbon dioxide into the Earth’s atmosphere.

Meanwhile, seven of the marine extinction events and associated CFB volcanism occurred simultaneously with the extinction of non-marine vertebrates, thus supporting episodes of global volcanic climate disasters that destroyed marine and terrestrial environments.

Meanwhile, the connection of major geological events in the past with astronomy is proven by the similarity of the cycles of volcanism and extreme climate that lasted for millions of years with the known orbital cycles of the Earth in our solar system and in the Milky Way galaxy.

The authors found that the alignment between geological and astrophysical cycles is too close to be considered mere coincidence. They then theorized that the planet’s astronomical movements disrupted Earth’s internal geological machinery.

“This is an unexpected connection and suggests a convergence between astronomy and geology—events that occur on Earth occur in the context of our astronomical environment,” says Rampino.

Previously, in their study report in the journal Geoscience Frontiers in 2021, Rampino and his team found that major geological events in the past did not occur randomly over time. His research provides statistical evidence of major geological events—including volcanic activity and mass extinctions on land and sea—ranging 26 to 36 million years or an average of 27.5 million years.

RAMPINO DKK (GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS, 2021)

A cycle of major geological events millions of years ago.

Toba eruption

Climatic-Volcanism Feedback and the Toba Eruption of Around 74.000 Years Ago

A wise man

Anthropologist Stanley H Ambrose from the University of Illinois proposed a “volcanic winter scenario” to explain the bottleneck in the modern human population in the period 71,000-60,000 years ago. By matching the year of the Toba eruption, Ambrose concluded that the volcanic eruption on the island of Sumatra was what caused the volcanic winter during that period.

In his article in the Journal of Human Evolution (1998), Ambrose wrote: “Famine caused by the Toba giant eruption and volcanic winter led to the emergence of a human population bottleneck in the late Pleistocene era. Six years of volcanic winter, followed by 1,000 years of cold temperatures, was the driest season in the Late Quaternary.”

The latest major volcanic eruption occurred in the Pacific Ocean when Tonga Hunga Ha’apai erupted in January 2022, triggering an increase in global temperatures. A research team at the University of Oxford estimates that this volcanic eruption could push the average global temperature rise above the limit of an increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Also read: How Climate Change Worsens Air Quality

However, if you look at Rampino’s latest findings, the eruption of Mount Toba, let alone Tonga Hunga Ha’apai, is still much smaller than a series of major geological events in the past. According to Rampino, the most recent set of major geological events occurred about 7 million years ago, which suggests that the next major geological activity will occur more than 20 million years in the future.

2023-10-11 06:24:53
#Repeated #Volcanic #Eruptions #Trigger #Deadly #Climate #Change

October 11, 2023 0 comments

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