Scientists Identify Potential Parkinson’s ‘Scent Signature’ – New Research Builds on Decades-Old Observation
Researchers are making progress in the quest for earlier Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, building on a remarkable observation first reported in 2009 by a woman in Scotland who noticed a change in her husband’s body odor years before his official diagnosis.That anecdotal evidence sparked inquiry into whether parkinson’s disease has a detectable scent, and recent studies have identified specific compounds linked to the condition. A team at the University of Manchester, led by Dr. Perdita Barran, has isolated four volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – specifically, octanal, nonanal, decanal, and 3-methyl-1-butanol – present in higher concentrations in the skin sebum of individuals with Parkinson’s. These findings, published in ACS Chemical Neuroscience in 2019, offer the potential for a non-invasive diagnostic tool.
The research builds on the understanding that Parkinson’s disease isn’t solely a neurological disorder; it’s often accompanied by non-motor symptoms, including changes in skin physiology.Sebum production, influenced by the autonomic nervous system, is altered in Parkinson’s patients. the identified VOCs are produced by bacteria metabolizing sebum, and the altered sebum composition leads to a distinct odor profile. Researchers are now working to develop “electronic noses” or highly sensitive chemical sensors capable of detecting these biomarkers in sweat or skin samples, potentially allowing for diagnosis years before motor symptoms appear. Currently, diagnosis relies heavily on neurological examination and can be delayed due to the subtle early symptoms.
It’s meaningful to note that changes in body odor are common with age. A distinct “musty” or “dusty” smell,caused by the compound 2-nonenal,affects a significant percentage of older adults – estimated to be around 30% of those over 60. This age-related odor is due to the breakdown of omega-7 unsaturated fatty acids in skin lipids and is not indicative of Parkinson’s. While approximately 10 out of every 1,000 adults over 60 are diagnosed with Parkinson’s, the presence of a musty odor alone does not suggest the disease. the Parkinson’s-specific scent profile differs from this age-related change.
Concerns about environmental factors and Parkinson’s disease are also being investigated. Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas emanating from the decay of uranium and radium in rocks and soil, is a known lung cancer risk. Areas like Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and surrounding counties in the Appalachian region, are designated as EPA Radon Zone 1, indicating a high potential for elevated radon levels in homes. The Tennessee Radon Program offers testing kits and facts on mitigation strategies.
Emerging research, including studies conducted by the National institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), suggests a possible correlation between long-term radon exposure and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s. However, the link remains inconclusive and requires further investigation. Individuals concerned about radon exposure and potential neurological risks should consult with their healthcare providers for baseline neurological assessments and discuss radon testing for their homes. The EPA recommends that all homes be tested for radon.
