Okay, I’ve reviewed the provided text from the research paper. Here’s a breakdown of the key data and some observations:
1. research Question/Objective:
The study investigates the relationship between parenting stress and parental education level, knowledge, and attitudes regarding maintaining the oral health of children with intellectual disabilities.
2. Study Design and Methods:
Cross-sectional analytical study: Data was collected at a single point in time to examine associations between variables.
Total sampling: All eligible parents/caregivers of students with intellectual disabilities in two special schools were included (n=104).
Data Collection: Structured questionnaires were used.
Parenting Stress: Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), adapted into Indonesian. 36 items.
Maternal Acceptance: 10 questions using a 5-point Likert scale.
Parental Knowledge: Questionnaire adapted from WHO, using a Guttman scale (correct/incorrect answers).
parental Attitudes: Questionnaire adapted from WHO, using a 5-point Likert scale. statistical Analysis:
Spearman’s rank correlation test (bivariate relationships).
Kendall Coefficient of concordance (multivariate relationship).
Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages).
3. Key Variables:
Independent Variables:
Parental Education Level (categorical: elementary, junior high, senior high, college)
Parental Knowledge of oral health (good, Sufficient, Lacking)
Parental Attitudes toward oral health (Good, Sufficient, Lacking)
Dependent Variable:
parenting Stress (Low, Medium, High)
4. Key Findings:
Parenting stress Levels: Most parents experienced medium levels of parenting stress (51.0%). Knowledge and Attitudes: Most parents had sufficient knowledge (48.1%) and adequate attitudes (46.2%) regarding oral health.
Education Level: Most parents had a high school education (36.5%).
Spearman’s Rank Correlation:
Significant relationship between parenting stress and parental education level (21.96%, p < 0.05).
Significant relationship between parenting stress and parental knowledge (26.94%).
Significant relationship between parenting stress and parental attitudes (15.04%).
Kendall Coefficient of Concordance:
Significant relationship between parenting stress and the combination of education, knowledge, and attitudes (W = 0.205, p = 0.0008).
5. Discussion Highlights:
Parenting stress is related to challenging child behavior, and child’s age plays a role.
Lower parental education is associated with higher parenting stress.
Financial difficulties and lower socioeconomic status contribute to higher parental stress.
Higher education facilitates information absorption and adaptation to challenges, reducing parenting stress.
Parental knowledge and attitudes regarding oral health are related to parenting stress.
6.Ethics:
The study was approved by the Universitas Padjadjaran ethics committee.
Informed consent was obtained from participants’ legal guardians.* The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.
this study suggests that parenting stress among parents of children with intellectual disabilities is related to their education level, knowledge, and attitudes regarding oral health care. The findings highlight the importance of providing support and resources to parents, especially those with lower education levels, to help them manage stress and promote the oral health of their children.
