Premature Infants Face Higher Risk of Severe RSV, Study Shows

Infants born even a few weeks prematurely are at considerably increased risk of developing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), according to recent findings. Late-preterm babies – those born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation – are particularly vulnerable and more likely to require intensive care compared to infants born at full term.

RSV is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms. However, for infants, especially those born prematurely, it can lead to bronchiolitis and pneumonia, potentially requiring hospitalization. The virus spreads through close contact with infected individuals and can survive on surfaces for several hours. The Centers for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides comprehensive facts on RSV prevention and symptoms.

the increased risk for premature infants stems from their underdeveloped immune systems and smaller airways. Their lungs haven’t fully matured, making them less equipped to fight off the infection and clear mucus. The American academy of Pediatrics (AAP) highlights the vulnerability of this population and offers guidance for parents and healthcare providers.

Recent advancements in RSV prevention include the approval of new immunizations for both infants and older adults. In 2023,the FDA approved Arexvy,the first RSV vaccine for adults 60 years and older,and abrysvo, which can be administered to pregnant people to protect their babies. Additionally, Beyfortus, a monoclonal antibody, is now available as a one-time immunization for infants to provide protection during their first RSV season.

Parents of premature infants should be particularly vigilant about protecting their babies from RSV. Preventive measures include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and breastfeeding, which provides antibodies that can help boost the infant’s immune system. Consulting with a pediatrician about the potential benefits of the new RSV immunizations is also crucial.

Further research is ongoing to better understand the long-term effects of RSV infection in premature infants and to develop even more effective prevention strategies. Medscape Medical News continues to provide updates on this evolving area of pediatric health.