Popular Diabetes & Weight Loss Drugs Linked to Increased Risk of Chronic Cough, Study Finds
Los Angeles, CA – Millions taking GLP-1 medications like Ozempic and wegovy for diabetes and weight loss may face an unexpected side effect: a persistent, chronic cough. New research published late last month in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery suggests a link between the drugs and a higher incidence of chronic cough, prompting calls for further inquiry.
The study, conducted by researchers at the University of Southern California and other institutions, analyzed the electronic health records of nearly a half million individuals taking GLP-1s for type 2 diabetes. Comparing this group to 1.6 million peopel using other diabetes medications, researchers found GLP-1 users were 12% more likely to develop a new case of chronic cough.
While gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and constipation are well-known side effects of GLP-1s – and research has also indicated a potential link to increased risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and acid reflux due to slowed stomach emptying – a direct association with chronic cough hadn’t been previously studied. Notably, the increased risk of cough persisted even after researchers excluded individuals with a prior GERD diagnosis.
“Further research is needed to confirm the existence, strength, and mechanisms of this association,” the researchers wrote in their published paper.
GLP-1 drugs, including semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy), have become increasingly prominent in recent years, especially for obesity treatment. The world Health Association recently acknowledged the drugs as essential, calling for cheaper generic versions. However, experts emphasize the importance of ongoing safety monitoring as medications gain widespread use.
This observational study cannot definitively prove a cause-and-effect relationship, but researchers say the findings warrant deeper investigation to understand the potential connection and help doctors and patients proactively manage or prevent the side effect.
