Scientists Identify Distinct Subgroups Within Autism, Challenging Single-condition View
New research suggests autism is not a single condition but rather encompasses distinct subgroups with differing genetic profiles and developmental trajectories. The study, published in Nature, analyzed behavioral data from four birth cohorts-ranging from 89 to 188 participants-and genetic data from two large studies involving over 45,000 individuals.
Previously,it was believed earlier diagnoses correlated with more pronounced autistic traits and a higher prevalence of autism-linked gene variants. However, the latest analysis revealed a limited overlap between the genetic profiles of those diagnosed early versus later in life. The genetic profile of individuals diagnosed later with autism more closely resembled those with ADHD, depression, and PTSD.
researchers found those diagnosed before age six typically exhibited early, stable social and interaction difficulties, alongside delays in motor skills like walking and challenges interpreting gestures. Conversely,individuals diagnosed after age ten experienced a rise in difficulties during adolescence,ultimately presenting with more severe challenges in late adolescence.
“It makes me hopeful that even more subgroups will come to light, and each will find an appropriate diagnostic label,” said Prof Uta Frith, emeritus professor of cognitive growth at University College London, who was not involved in the research. “It is time to realize that ‘autism’ has become a ragbag of different conditions.”
