The provided text argues that “cleptocracy” (rule by thieves) is not the root problem, but rather a symptom of a deeper, more serious “disease.” This disease is identified as the continued reliance on an obsolete and flawed form of democracy as 1990.
Here’s a breakdown of the author’s argument:
The “Disease”: the core issue is the use of an outdated and imperfect democratic system that fails too self-correct. This system, in place for 35 years, has seen governments and parties change, but the general situation has worsened.
The Origin of Cleptocracy: The author links cleptocracy to the election of “imprehensive” (likely meaning incompetent or ill-prepared) peopel as authorities. This leads to an expansion of the state, increased taxes, and a reduction in private initiative. The analogy used is a larger bucket with more water, making it easier for thieves to steal.
Chile as an Example: Chile is presented as a case study, suffering the consequences of repeatedly choosing the same flawed system every four years.
Global Phenomenon: The author emphasizes that this problem is not unique to Chile. Many countries, irrespective of their wealth, political leaning, or type of government, suffer from similar issues due to representative democracies that lack sufficient citizen oversight of public finances. An example of a secret payment between French and German officials in 1992 is cited.
the Severity of the “Disease”: The progression of symptoms like cleptocracy, crime, and societal radicalization indicates that simply changing authorities every four years is no longer a cure, but merely a palliative.The author believes that no single person or party in Chile can effectively reverse the current downward spiral.
The “Healing Medicine”: The good news, according to the author, is that a solution exists. Switzerland is presented as an example of a country with a “soft pillow” (a well-functioning system).
Direct Democracy as the Cure: The fundamental difference in Switzerland is its system of direct democracy, specifically the right to “reference” (likely referring to referendums or initiatives) four times a year. This allows citizens to monitor and cancel questionable public spending before it occurs, rather then regretting it afterward.
Benefits of Direct Democracy: This system provides permanent and unlimited oversight of public spending at all levels. It also eliminates the need to wait years to remove damaging authorities. Furthermore, the decentralization of tax revenue in Switzerland (65% staying within regions and communes) encourages local citizens to pay close attention to how their taxes are used by local authorities.
In essence, the author argues that the current representative democracies are fundamentally flawed and incapable of preventing corruption and societal decline. The proposed solution is a robust system of direct democracy, exemplified by Switzerland, which empowers citizens to actively control public finances and hold authorities accountable in a more immediate and effective way.
