Porto Alegre has confirmed its first case of mpox in 2026, prompting a public health alert as Carnival celebrations approach. The confirmed infection occurred outside of Rio Grande do Sul state, according to the city’s epidemiological surveillance department.
The case marks a resurgence of the virus in the capital city, following 11 confirmed cases throughout 2025. Health officials are emphasizing preventative measures to mitigate potential spread during the traditionally crowded Carnival festivities.
The primary mode of transmission for mpox is through direct contact with skin lesions, respiratory secretions, and saliva, authorities stated. The municipal administration is urging residents to examine their skin for any unusual eruptions, blisters, or sores – particularly on the genitals, mouth, hands, and feet – before participating in Carnival events. Individuals identifying such lesions are advised to seek medical attention, wearing a mask and keeping the affected areas covered.
Preventative recommendations extend to avoiding prolonged intimate or physical contact with individuals exhibiting suspicious skin lesions. Frequent hand hygiene with 70% alcohol-based sanitizer, particularly after touching public surfaces or using public transportation, is also strongly advised. Sharing personal items such as cups, cutlery, bottles, cigarettes, clothing, and towels should be avoided.
The use of masks in densely populated areas is being promoted as an additional protective measure, especially given the potential for active viral circulation. Early symptoms of mpox include fever, headache, muscle aches, weakness, and swollen lymph nodes, followed by the appearance of skin lesions. Individuals experiencing these symptoms are urged to seek medical evaluation.
Raquel Carboneiro, the acting manager of the municipal epidemiological surveillance, highlighted the importance of proactive self-assessment before Carnival. “Those who will celebrate Carnival should examine their skin and observe the presence of eruptions, blisters or wounds,” she stated, emphasizing the need for prompt medical attention if any abnormalities are detected.
The confirmation of this case has prompted the Porto Alegre municipal government to reinforce guidance on preventing mpox infection during Carnival, though officials have stated there is no current outbreak.
