Study Suggests Adolescence Extends to Age 32, Driven by Brain Development
A new study from the University of Cambridge concludes that adolescence, as defined by brain development, extends until the age of 32. The research, based on an analysis of approximately four thousand brain scans from individuals aged zero to 90, challenges the customary understanding of when adolescence ends.
How Did Scientists reach This Conclusion?
Researchers discovered that brain evolution isn’t a continuous process, but rather unfolds in five distinct stages. The first stage encompasses childhood, from birth to age nine. Adolescence then begins at age nine and continues until age 32. This is followed by adulthood, lasting from age 32 to 66. the study identifies two phases of aging: an initial phase from 66 to 83,and advanced aging from age 83 onwards.
the key finding is the extended duration of adolescence, lasting well beyond the typical biological end point. This conclusion stems from observing how brain development proceeds through distinct phases of reorganization.
Why Does Adolescence Last So Long?
Each transition between these stages corresponds to a reorganization of neuronal connections, a process designed to optimize cognitive performance.According to Cambridge researchers, the brain reaches its peak efficiency and cognitive capacity around age 32, marking the end of this prolonged adolescent period.
What Happens After age 32?
Following age 32, the brain enters a phase of prolonged stability. Changes become more subtle, and cognitive efficiency begins a gradual decline. This stage is characterized by a “plateau” of intelligence and personality, common in adult life, where notable shifts in cognitive abilities and personality traits are less frequent.
The study also identifies changes beginning at age 66,when different areas of the brain start to function more independently. Researchers use the analogy of a band breaking up, with each musician pursuing a solo career, to illustrate this increased isolation of brain regions.
What are the Implications?
This shift in brain function from age 66 carries a potential risk: the onset of signs of dementia. Ultimately, the study aims to explain the timing of certain neurological and mental health conditions.
However, researchers emphasize that these findings represent a pattern, and individual experiences may vary. “These findings reflect a pattern,” they caution, “because not everyone goes through these changes at exactly the same ages.”
