8 Subtle Signs of Heart Attacks in Women Cardiologists Want You to Know
Cardiologists warn that heart disease is the number one killer of women in America—it causes roughly one out of every five female deaths. Unlike cinematic portrayals of acute chest pain, heart attacks in women frequently present with subtle, atypical warning signs that patients routinely dismiss as routine fatigue or stress.
Understanding the Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis in Women
A heart attack happens when the blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart slows down or is cut off. According to Dr. Erin Donnelly Michos, associate director of preventive cardiology at Johns Hopkins Medicine, atherosclerosis is when the arteries become narrowed due to a buildup of plaque, which is made up of fat, cholesterol, and other materials. A heart attack occurs when that plaque ruptures, forming clots. The obstruction or blockage of the arteries causes the heart muscle to begin to die. “This is why it’s an emergency, because if the heart muscle dies, it doesn’t repair itself,” says Dr. Michos.
Time matters with a heart attack. “We have a saying that ‘time is muscle,'” notes Dr. Holly Andersen, attending cardiologist at New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, and scientific advisor for the Women’s Heart Alliance.
Recognizing Atypical Symptoms and Extreme Fatigue
Women more often take a wait-and-see approach—too busy to have a heart attack right now—and too many women are dying of their heart attacks, says Dr. Andersen.
Limitations of Routine Screenings and the Role of Advanced Cardiology
Although plaque naturally builds up over time, a heart attack occurs when that plaque ruptures, forming clots, says Dr. Michos. Additional exams, such as a stress test and an echocardiogram, give better insight into your overall heart health.
Experts recommend that all women see their cardiologist every year for a full screening, in addition to their annual checkup. This is especially important for women who are planning to conceive as pregnancy can put a lot of stress on the heart.
Future Trajectory of Women’s Cardiovascular Health
If you do experience any symptoms that are atypical or cause concern, don’t hesitate to go the emergency room. Some women will put off seeing a doctor because they don’t want to look crazy if it turns out to be nothing. Health care providers would much rather you come in than wait it out, and being proactive can save your life.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational and scientific communication purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition, diagnosis, or treatment plan.