Debate Continues Over Best Terminology for Sexually Transmitted Infections
WASHINGTON, D.C. – A long-standing debate within the medical and public health communities regarding the most appropriate terminology for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) – formerly known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) – continues, with no clear consensus emerging. The discussion centers on reducing stigma and improving public health dialogue, but opinions diverge on whether “STI” or “STD” is more effective, and some experts are even proposing a new term altogether.
The shift from “STD” to “STI” gained traction as healthcare professionals recognized that many infections aren’t immediatly symptomatic, and the term “disease” implies a defined illness, while “infection” better reflects the spectrum of conditions. Common STIs include chlamydia,gonorrhea,syphilis,and human papillomavirus (HPV). However,the American Sexual health association (ASHA) acknowledges the ongoing debate,noting that both terms are used widely.
The lack of worldwide agreement is highlighted by H. Hunter Handsfield, MD, Professor Emeritus at Washington University Center for AIDS and STD, who, in a 2015 essay for sexually Transmitted diseases, suggests that proponents of either term should “use it freely, with neither defensiveness nor pride in either one.” This viewpoint underscores the complexity of the issue, recognizing that the focus should be on open communication and reducing barriers to testing and treatment.
Further complicating the matter, medical linguist Janet Byron Anderson, PhD, argues that a new term is needed, proposing “sexually transmissible infectious disease (STID).” Anderson believes this phrasing offers greater clarity and precision. The ongoing discussion reflects a broader effort to improve public understanding of sexual health and encourage proactive prevention and care.
