People who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI), even a mild one, are at increased risk of qualifying for work disability benefits for up to five years after the injury, according to a study published March 11, 2026, in the journal Neurology®. The research, conducted by scientists at Uppsala University in Sweden, found a correlation between TBI of any severity and a higher likelihood of receiving work disability benefits, though it does not establish a direct causal link.
The study analyzed data from nearly 100,000 individuals with TBI and nearly one million without, utilizing Swedish national health registries. Participants were categorized based on the severity of their injury – mild, moderate, or severe. Researchers found that work disability was more prevalent in all TBI groups compared to the control group without brain injury.
“Traumatic brain injury can result in disability that may make it difficult to return to work, yet being employed is essential for maintaining quality of life and financial stability,” said Dr. Andrea Klang, the study’s author, in a statement. “Our study found no matter the severity, traumatic brain injury was associated with a higher likelihood of a person qualifying for work disability.”
TBIs can result from a variety of incidents, including car accidents and sports-related injuries. While many TBIs are classified as mild, symptoms such as fatigue, headaches, difficulty concentrating, mood changes, and memory problems can persist, hindering an individual’s ability to work. The study highlights that even milder injuries can have lasting effects on employment prospects.
The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive follow-up care for all TBIs, not just the most severe cases, with a focus on addressing cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms over time. Researchers noted that the study was limited to the population of Sweden, and results may vary in other countries.
The American Academy of Neurology is holding its annual meeting April 18-26, 2026, where research on neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury, will be presented. Emily Meenan, Digital Content Coordinator at the American Academy of Neurology, is involved in disseminating information about such research.
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