Diabetes Drug Metformin & Microplastics found in Jakarta Waterways
Jakarta, Indonesia – Emerging research reveals a concerning new layer of pollution in Jakarta’s water systems: the presence of metformin, a common diabetes medication, alongside previously identified microplastics. Researchers warn these contaminants pose potential long-term health risks and highlight gaps in current environmental regulations.
A recent study led by researcher Koagouw found metformin accumulating in the Angke river. This is particularly alarming as the drug is difficult to decompose naturally, leading to potential re-entry into the food chain through contaminated water used for irrigation, fisheries, and even drinking water. “In the long term, exposure to metformin residues can pose a serious risk to human health, although the exact impact is still being researched,” Koagouw stated. Currently, metformin is not included on the government’s list of regulated dangerous substances despite existing regulations for river water and waste quality. Koagouw concluded the findings demonstrate pharmaceuticals are becoming a new type of pollutant in Jakarta’s daily water cycle, alongside other contaminants like paracetamol, previously detected in Jakarta bay.
The revelation builds on earlier research from the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). In October 2025, BRIN researcher Muhammad reza Cordova revealed the presence of dangerous microplastic particles in Jakarta’s rainwater, originating from sources like synthetic clothing fibers, vehicle and tire dust, burning plastic waste, and plastic degradation. Research conducted since 2022 consistently found microplastics in every rainwater sample collected in the capital.
Cordova emphasized the potential health impacts of microplastic exposure, citing global studies that link it to oxidative stress, hormonal disorders, and tissue damage. He clarified, “What is toxic is not the rainwater, but the microplastic particles in it as it contains chemical additives or absorbs other pollutants.” Rainwater contaminated wiht microplastics also threatens to further pollute surface and marine water sources, ultimately entering the food chain.