Plaque Buildup in Arteries: New Insights into Reversal and Prevention
New York, NY – October 31, 2025, 07:12:24 EST – A growing body of research illuminates the mechanisms behind arterial plaque formation and, crucially, demonstrates that damage isn’t necessarily permanent. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally,accounting for an estimated 17.9 million deaths in 2019, according to the World Health Organization. Understanding how and why plaques develop - and the potential to reverse their effects - is paramount for improving public health outcomes and extending lifespans.
Arterial plaque, a complex buildup of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances, narrows arteries and restricts blood flow. This process, known as atherosclerosis, considerably increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. While genetic predisposition plays a role, lifestyle factors are major contributors, and emerging evidence suggests proactive interventions can not only halt progression but actively diminish existing plaque.
Dr. Emily Carter, a leading cardiologist at Columbia University irving Medical Center, explains that plaque formation begins with damage to the endothelium, the inner lining of arteries.”Inflammation is the key initial step,” Dr. Carter states. “Factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol – especially LDL or ‘bad’ cholesterol – smoking, and diabetes create microscopic tears in the endothelial wall.” The body attempts to repair this damage, but the repair process frequently enough involves cholesterol deposits accumulating at the site of injury. Over time, these deposits harden and calcify, forming plaques.
The composition of plaque is critical.Stable plaques have a thick fibrous cap, making them less prone to rupture. However,vulnerable plaques have thin caps and are more likely to break open,triggering a blood clot that can abruptly block blood flow. Recent studies utilizing advanced imaging techniques, such as intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, have revealed that plaque can, actually, shrink.
“We’re seeing evidence that intensive lifestyle changes – a plant-based diet,regular exercise,stress management – coupled with appropriate medical interventions like statins and PCSK9 inhibitors,can lead to plaque regression,” Dr. Carter notes. “It’s not about simply preventing new plaque from forming; it’s about actively reversing the damage that’s already been done.”
While reversing established atherosclerosis is a complex undertaking,experts emphasize that prevention remains the most effective strategy. Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, avoiding tobacco use, and adhering to a heart-healthy diet are foundational steps.Regular checkups with a healthcare provider to monitor cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and other risk factors are also essential for early detection and intervention. The ongoing research offers a hopeful outlook for individuals at risk of or living with cardiovascular disease, demonstrating that a proactive approach can significantly improve heart health and quality of life.
