Review
. 2022;36 Suppl 1:S13-S21.
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doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.01.011.
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[Article in
Spanish]
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Affiliations
- 1 Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Research Group on Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leoia, Bizkaia, Spain. Email address: [email protected].
- 2 Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Research Group on Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leoia, Bizkaia, Spain.
- 3 Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Group, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.
- 4 Barcelona Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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Review
[Article in
Spanish]
Amaia Bacigalupe et al.
Gac Sanit.
2022.
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. 2022;36 Suppl 1:S13-S21.
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doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2022.01.011.
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Affiliations
- 1 Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Research Group on Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leoia, Bizkaia, Spain. Email address: [email protected].
- 2 Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Research Group on Social Determinants of Health and Demographic Change-OPIK, Leoia, Bizkaia, Spain.
- 3 Social and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Group, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.
- 4 Barcelona Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain; Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has shown its syndemic nature where the contagion by coronavirus joins the high prevalence of chronic diseases in a context of great social inequality and a clear gradient of those pathologies. The objectives of this article are: 1) to show a conceptual framework of the determinants of social inequality in the COVID-19; 2) to review the available literature on socioeconomic inequalities in various aspects related to COVID-19 in Spain; and 3) propose recommendations to monitor, intervene with policies and communication guides to reduce social inequalities in COVID-19, showing examples developed in Spain. The conceptual framework includes structural and intermediate determinants reflecting the different axes of inequality that characterize the syndemic nature of COVID-19. The literature review published up to July 2021 in Spain describes a socioeconomic gradient of COVID-19, not always consistent among studies, as well as an uneven impact of many measures to control the pandemic. Finally, the proposals for reducing social inequalities in COVID-19 include: 1) to guarantee information systems and research with an equity perspective; 2) to reduce inequalities in COVID-19 through its intermediate, and economic and political determinants; and 3) to design communication models and understanding frameworks that break with hegemonies that hide the relevance of social inequality in the pandemic. Given the syndemic nature of COVID-19 and accumulated knowledge, surveillance systems, interventions and communication must include a clear perspective of health equity.
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Keywords:
COVID-19; Spain; Socioeconomic factors; Syndemic; Socioeconomic factors; Spain; Syndemic.
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Copyright © 2022 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier España, SLU All rights reserved.
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