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Mars, a Neapolitan scientist in the team: “I work from home, between NASA and my twins”

“It is an extraordinary goal: to go and look for past life forms. The last mission that wanted to achieve similar results was Viking, in 1975. At the time the knowledge was not what it is now, some elements were also found but it was not possible to understand what it was. Then came the Curiosity rover which in 2012 found organic compounds in the Martian soil, but the instrument that was supposed to detect them altered them during the warming process. With Perseverance we will have the possibility of not altering anything. The other big, important news is that this time we will select samples that will be brought to Earth “: Teresa Fornaro speaks of the Red Planet with the same naturalness of those who describe the home environment. The thirty-two year old from Brusciano works in Florence at the Arcetri Inaf observatory, the National Institute of Astrophysics, and is the only Italian to be part of the team of 13 experts of the NASA program. The images that he will have to process come from Mars directly to his home in Castello di Cisterna, a stone’s throw from Brusciano, where he looks after his children, two 5-month-old twins.

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What role does he have within the team?
«With the other colleagues I support the activities of the NASA Perseverance rover that landed on Mars. In particular I will deal with analyzing the data of two instruments, the SuperCam and Sherloc, to identify possible organic molecules, their nature and their state of preservation. In addition we will support the team’s activities with laboratory experiments ».

In this mission she is the only Italian, and among the youngest researchers. What made the difference?
«My project was liked. I presented it to NASA, which chose 13 among the 119 received, including mine “.

The name of the program is Perseverance, like the perseverance of women who, especially those from the south like you, do not give up in the face of the difficulties of a world that is still male?
“That’s it. It takes a lot of perseverance to achieve these goals. The path is long and it is even more so for women who have to combine family and work ».

She is succeeding, how do you do it?
«Andrea and Aurora are five months old and, believe me, it is more difficult to manage the twins than to work on the NASA program. But I manage and even though I am currently on maternity leave I am working remotely. Technologies are also useful for this ».

So from Mars the images go directly to the computer of your desk?
“Yes, they come straight from the rover and we are already able to take information. If it hadn’t been for Covid we would all be in Washington, including the twins ».

What are you trying to find out?
“The site we are going to explore on Mars is very old. Jezero Crater may have retained traces from 3.5 billion years ago when conditions were similar to Earth. We are looking for fossils, traces of past life ».

The famous Martians? So is it possible that there are life forms on Mars?
“Not on the surface. Because conditions have changed compared to the past, the magnetic field turned off which meant that the planet was no longer protected from solar radiation. But it is not certain that in the subsoil, in depth, in niches where humid substances are present, there cannot be forms of life ».

From Brusciano to NASA: what trip was it?
“I graduated from Federico II in Naples, then for my doctorate I moved to Tuscany at the Normale di Pisa. My husband is also from Campania ».

Upcoming commitments?
«ExoMars: I’m already part of it. The second expedition will start in 2022. In 2019 we made a visit to Pilbara in Australia, a site considered a Martian analogue for extreme conditions. There was a meeting between scientists from ESA’s ExoMars missions and NASA’s Mars 2020 to study terrestrial morphological biosignatures such as stromatolites from 3.5 billion years ago, and discuss how to use the instruments aboard the two rovers to reveal similar elements possibly present on Mars. I participated as an ExoMars scientist, before being selected in November 2020 as a member of the Mars 2020 science team ».

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