Keto Diet Linked to Unexpected Health Issues in Mouse Study
A long-term ketogenic diet, while promoting weight loss, may carry hidden health risks, according to new research from the University of Utah. A year-long study monitoring mice revealed that a keto diet – characterized by low carbohydrate and high fat intake – led to critically important metabolic problems despite maintaining a lower body weight compared to mice on a standard high-fat diet. The findings raise questions about the long-term effects of the diet in humans, though further research is needed.
The study focused on the impact of the keto diet on glucose regulation and liver health. Surprisingly, the mice on the keto diet didn’t exhibit insulin resistance, a common issue with obesity. Rather, their pancreases struggled to produce enough insulin to manage blood sugar levels effectively, leading to difficulties in maintaining stable glucose.
Researchers also observed elevated levels of triglycerides and fatty acids in the blood of the keto-diet mice. Male mice, in particular, developed fatty liver disease, indicating a decline in liver function.
Delving into the cellular mechanisms behind these issues, the team discovered that the high fat intake appeared to induce stress within pancreatic cells. Analysis of RNA revealed disruptions in protein transport, specifically a blockage within the Golgi apparatus – an essential cellular component responsible for processing and distributing proteins. Electron microscopy confirmed this, showing the Golgi apparatus to be swollen and fragmented, hindering the production and release of insulin-containing vesicles.
Importantly, the observed damage appeared reversible. When the mice were switched back to a normal diet, the health problems largely resolved, suggesting the effects aren’t necessarily permanent. However, the study emphasizes the need for further examination to determine if these findings translate to humans and to understand the long-term consequences of sustained ketogenic dieting.
