Feline Flu Fears: Cornell Launches Nationwide H5N1 Cat Study

Researchers Race to Understand Deadly Bird Flu’s Impact on Domestic Cats

A new initiative from Cornell University aims to unravel the mysteries surrounding the spread of H5N1 avian influenza in cats, a species proving highly susceptible to the virus with a mortality rate as high as 70%. Understanding how the virus behaves in felines is crucial, as cats could potentially act as a bridge to human infection.

Surveillance Network Takes Shape

The Cornell Feline Health Center (CFHC) is spearheading the CFHC Feline H5N1 Surveillance Consortium, beginning with a pilot program across New York state. The project will initially focus on testing cats at animal shelters, veterinary clinics, and hospitals.

The consortium intends to broaden its surveillance efforts nationwide once initial protocols are established. Researchers will not only identify current infections but also search for antibodies indicating past exposure, and analyze the virus’s genetic makeup.

“This initiative reflects our commitment to addressing urgent public and animal health risks through translational research,”

—Bruce Kornreich, D.V.M. ’92, Ph.D. ’05, CFHC director

Zoonotic Potential Fuels Research

The urgency stems from the virus’s potential to jump species. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of May 10, 2024, there have been three confirmed cases of H5N1 in the United States, all linked to dairy farm workers exposed to infected cows. This highlights the growing risk of zoonotic transmission.

Interdisciplinary Team Tackles Complex Problem

A team of experts from Cornell’s College of Veterinary Medicine is collaborating on the project. Key researchers include Gary Whittaker, a virology professor; Lena DeTar, an associate clinical professor of shelter medicine; Diego Diel, an associate professor of virology; Elisha Frye, an associate professor of practice; and Laura Goodman, an assistant professor in public and ecosystem health.

The team will specifically study the hemagglutinin protein, a crucial component that allows the virus to enter and infect cells. Data gathered will inform strategies for monitoring, controlling, and potentially preventing future outbreaks.

“By focusing on the role of cats in the ecology of H5N1, we are not only protecting feline health but also contributing vital information that may help mitigate transmission of one of the most rapidly evolving transmissible viruses to other species, including humans,”

—Lorin Warnick, Ph.D. ’94, the Austin O. Hooey Dean of Veterinary Medicine

Ultimately, this research aims to safeguard both animal and human health by providing a clearer understanding of H5N1’s behavior and transmission dynamics within cat populations.