The international competition for the new crown pneumonia vaccine is fierce. Although Brazil reported that the overall effective rate of Kexing’s inactivated vaccine is only over 50%, which is lower than many Western vaccines, the race seems to have not reached the end. Mainland media reported that a domestic biopharmaceutical company is developing a new DNA coronavirus vaccine that uses a new technology and has entered the second phase of clinical testing; this vaccine can be used in general refrigeration facilities at 2-8°C, with guaranteed quality Up to 5 years, it is beneficial to introduce remote areas or serve as a strategic reserve of vaccines.
The Paper reported that this new DNA vaccine was jointly developed by Ai Di Weixin (Suzhou) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Ai Di Weixin) and the American biopharmaceutical company INOVIO, and is currently conducting phase 2 clinical trials simultaneously in China and the United States. Due to the high technical threshold, currently no human DNA vaccine has been successfully marketed in the world. This is also China’s first preventive DAN vaccine approved to enter the clinic.
Ai Diweixin’s strategic director Liu Xiaoyan said in an interview with The Paper recently that this vaccine may become the first DNA vaccine approved for marketing in history, and it marks that China has reached the world’s leading level in the field of nucleic acid vaccines.
Mainland company Ai Di Weixin and U.S. company co-developed
The DNA vaccine and the new coronavirus mRNA vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech are both nucleic acid vaccines. They are called the “third-generation vaccine technology” in the industry, but there are differences between the two. What exactly is a DNA vaccine? Liu Xiaoyan explained in the report:
The principle of DNA vaccine is to make the DNA encoding the antigen protein into a vaccine, enter the human body and express the antigen in the body, induce the human body to produce an immune response, so that the vaccinated person can obtain the corresponding immune protection ability and achieve the purpose of disease prevention.
After being vaccinated with the new coronavirus DNA vaccine and generating immunity, the human body can produce memory T and B cells. When it encounters the new coronavirus invasion again, it can quickly produce a large number of effector T cells and B cells, and “neutralize” the invading virus through antibodies. Eliminate viruses that infect cells through T cells (cellular immunity).
The latest data released by WHO shows that there are currently 64 candidate new crown vaccines in the world entering the clinical research phase, of which 9 are inactivated vaccines (accounting for 14%), and there are 8 DNA vaccines (accounting for 13%). From the point of view, the two are evenly matched.
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Li Bin, deputy director of scientific research at the Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, pointed out in an interview with The Paper that the inactivated vaccine, as a traditional classic technical route, uses an in vitro culture method to prepare antigens, and then inject viral antigen proteins into the human body. Activate the human immune response; and the DNA vaccine of the new generation of technology routes directly input genetic coding information into the human body to produce antigen proteins in the body and activate the immune response.
Li Bin said that the biggest advantage of DNA vaccines is that they can be stored for a long time at room temperature.
37℃ can be guaranteed for more than one month, 2-8℃ can be guaranteed for five years
INOVIO once issued a statement on its official website stating that INO-4800 (the new coronavirus DNA vaccine developed by INOVIO and Ai Diweixin) can be stable at room temperature for more than 1 year and at 37°C for more than a month. It has a design shelf life of 5 years at standard refrigeration temperature (2-8°C), and does not require freezing during transportation and storage.
“DNA vaccines are very stable and can be stored for a long time at room temperature. They are suitable for remote areas or as strategic vaccine reserves. In contrast, mRNA vaccines have very high requirements for the cold chain (-70°C). The cost is high, which will bring challenges to the availability of vaccines,” Liu Xiaoyan said.
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