Now, physicists at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) on the Swiss-French border are restarting the pounder With a view to better understanding of the Higgs boson and other subatomic particles and the mysteries of dark matter – the invisible and elusive substance that cannot be seen because it does not absorb, reflect, or emit any light.
Comprised of a ring 27 kilometers (16.7 miles) in circumference, the Large Hadron Collider – nestled deep in the Alps – is made of superconducting magnets cooled to -271.3 °C (-456 °F), which is colder than outer space. . It works by breaking small molecules together to allow scientists to observe them and see what is inside.
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“When we do research, we expect to find something unexpected, a surprise. That will be the best result. But of course the answer lies in nature’s hands, and it depends on how nature answers open questions in fundamental physics,” said Fabiola Gianotti, director general of CERN, in a video posted on the CERN website.
“We are looking for answers to questions about dark matter, why the Higgs boson is so bright, and many other open questions.”
Understanding the Higgs boson
Physicists François Englert and Peter Higgs first theorized in the 1960s about the existence of the Higgs boson. The Standard Model of Physics lays out the basics of how particles and the elementary forces in the universe interact. But the theory failed to explain how the particles actually gained their mass. Particles or parts of matter range in size and can be larger or smaller than atoms. Electrons, protons, and neutrons, for example, are the subatomic particles that make up atoms. Scientists now We think the Higgs boson is the particle that gives all matter its mass.
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In the final round of experiments, CERN scientists will study the properties of matter under extreme temperatures and densities, and will also seek explanations. dark matter and other new phenomena, either through direct search or – indirectly – through precise measurements of known particle properties.
Dark matter is believed to make up most of the matter in The previous universe was discovered by its ability to create gravitational distortions in outer space.
Luca Malgiri, spokesman for the CMS (Compact Money Solenoid), said one of the four largest experiments of the Large Hadron Collider: it was built around a large electromagnet.
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