BRCA Gene Mutations Significantly Raise Lymphoma Risk in Women with Breast Implants

Study Reveals Elevated Risk

Women who have breast cancer, carry the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutation, and received textured breast implants after mastectomies face a significantly increased risk of developing a rare lymphoma. A recent study published in Blood Advances unveiled this concerning connection.

The research indicated that these women were sixteen times more likely to develop breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). This rare T-cell lymphoma is associated with textured breast implants. The study’s findings spotlight the need for women to consider their medical history with implants long after breast cancer treatment.

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“Our findings show that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are a significant risk factor for developing this type of lymphoma, confirming earlier suggestions of a possible role. It’s possible that implant-associated lymphoma is yet another cancer that can arise because of these genetic mutations.”

—Dr. Paola Ghione, Lead Researcher, Lymphoma Specialist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)

In the U.S., textured implants were used in roughly 12% of reconstructive surgeries, while in Europe, they were prevalent, reaching up to 95%. In 2023, the FDA reported 1,264 BIA-ALCL cases and 63 deaths (FDA 2024).

Study Details

The study, led by Dr. Ghione, examined over 3,000 women with breast implants at MSKCC. Within this group, 520 women were tested for BRCA genes. Researchers compared the prevalence of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations between those who did and did not develop BIA-ALCL after reconstruction with textured implants. Those with the genetic mutation displayed a significantly higher rate of lymphoma.

The median follow-up duration was 11.5 years. Among the 520 women tested, 8.3% carried BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The age-adjusted rate of BIA-ALCL development was sixteen times greater in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations compared to those without. Furthermore, a case-control study supported these results.

Implications and Recommendations

Dr. Ghione suggests that women stay informed about their implants. She encourages them to communicate with their doctors about their medical history, especially if they have breast cancer or a family history of it. Patients should ask about genetic testing, including BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 mutations.

The FDA does not recommend implant removal unless symptoms are present. Symptoms can include pain, lumps, swelling, or unexpected changes in breast shape. Patients should openly discuss their implant type and risk with their healthcare team, especially if implant replacement is suggested.

This study did not include women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who had prophylactic surgery. Further research, with long-term follow-up, is planned.