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Belarus. Economy, challenges Aleksandr Lukashenka

The suspended credit support program by Russia, tax maneuvers in the oil sector, and disturbing economic forecasts. These are challenges that the likely new-old Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenka will have to face in the next term of office.

The International Monetary Fund forecasts that the Belarusian economy will shrink by 6 percent this year. For comparison, in 2019, GDP growth was 1.2 percent, and the year before it was 3 percent.

In addition, there are disputes with Russia regarding oil supply conditions, which contributed to the reduction of oil imports in the first quarter of this year. With oil imports dropping to just 0.5 million tonnes – 1.5 million tonnes less than usual – Belarus’ industrial production plunged 5.8 percent year on year in January.

Our eastern neighbors are also worried about the gradual withdrawal of price discounts on oil purchases by Moscow. The tax maneuvers mean heavy losses for Belarusian export-oriented refineries. According to the estimates of the local government, it is as high as $ 330 million in 2019 alone. According to the plans, in 2024 Belarus will buy Russian crude oil at the same price as other countries. Currently, Minsk can count on a 17% discount.

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Tense relations with Russia

Alyaksandr Lukashenka in his address to the nation at the beginning of August emphasized that Russia has always been and will be Belarus’s closest ally. In his opinion, however, unnecessarily changed “fraternal relations into partnership”.

He also assured that reforms are needed, but should not be violent. He presented Belarus as “the only peaceful link in Eurasia” as the whole world is under severe turbulence due to the coronavirus, economic crisis and trade wars, as well as armed conflicts.

According to Lukashenka, global players have used the pandemic as “a cover for the unceremonious pursuit of their interests in foreign policy and economy.” “Dependence on one or two countries puts us in a weak position,” he said, clearly referring to relations with Russia. According to him, in five years, due to trade wars, unfair prices and expensive loans, Belarus lost 9.5 billion dollars of economic growth.

The answer to this, he explained, was, among others, the desire to diversify the sources of raw materials. Lukashenka noted that due to oil disputes with Russia, Belarus lost 1.5 billion Belarusian rubles, or the equivalent of around 540 million euros.

Lukashenka said he expected economic growth of 3-4 percent in the coming years. The Reuters Agency noted that the Belarusian economy grew by an average of less than 1 percent annually between 2010 and 2020.

PAP / Maciej Zieliński

Seeking financial support

Russian tax maneuvers in the oil sector are not the only threat to the Belarusian economy. Moscow has decided to suspend the multi-billion dollar loan support program for Belarus from the beginning of 2020.

Meanwhile – as indicated by the portal Finansowy – “Belarus is just entering the period of peak burdens related to the repayment of public debt”. “According to the Ministry of Finance, it must pay off public debt with interest of $ 3.4 billion in 2020 and $ 3.2 billion in 2021. External public debt accounts for two-thirds of these amounts,” he added. This forced Minsk to turn to the European Union and international lenders for help.

At the end of March this year. The Belarusian central bank announced on its website that it is in talks with the International Monetary Fund with the government to grant financial support of around $ 900 million from the Rapid Reaction Facility. As indicated in the release, this is related to “the challenges facing the domestic economy in the worsening global economic situation and the COVID-19 pandemic.” The then prime minister, Sergei Rumas, who started negotiations with the IMF, was however dismissed in early June.

So far, no agreement has been reached between Minsk and the IMF, and this in turn reduces the chances of a positive decision on the application for aid from the European Union. Belarus applied for macro-financial assistance after the outbreak of the pandemic. – In order to qualify for macro-financial assistance, a country must have a program of cooperation with the IMF and must fulfill certain political conditions – the spokesman of the European Commission said in an interview with the Financial Observer. Belarus is also in talks with the European Investment Bank (EIB) for an additional investment loan.

PAP

Broken “unwritten agreement”

The Reuters Agency indicated that during the term of President Lukashenka, the average monthly salary in Belarus increased to $ 500 from $ 50 in 1999. “There is only one problem: $ 500 was reached in 2010 and has stuck at that level ever since,” he added.

At the same time, Reuters pointed out that in 2012 a Belarusian could buy 73 percent of what a Pole for an average salary for an average salary. According to official data, in 2020 this indicator fell to 60 percent. The World Bank reported that GDP per capita in 2019 was $ 6,700, less than in Turkmenistan or Suriname.

“People are really fed up with it, people want change, they want some development,” said Vadim Iossub, senior analyst at financial firm Alpari Eurasia.

The agency pointed out that in recent years hundreds of thousands of Belarusians have decided to go abroad. Lukashenka said in early August that the country’s population was down 8 percent.

One of the people who fled abroad in fear of arrest is President Lukashenka’s former advisor and now his political opponent, Valery Tsepkała. Alexander Lukashenka has broken an “unwritten agreement” with voters, he told Reuters news agency, to ensure prosperity in return for political obedience. – He deprived Belarusians of political freedom, as well as economic growth. This is one of the reasons why the public began to protest – he emphasized.

photo-source">Main photo source: EPA/TATYANA ZENKOVICH

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