Allergy season is more than just a nuisance; it’s a growing public health concern. With global temperatures rising and extreme weather events becoming more frequent, the pollen season in North America has extended by 20 days longer than it was in 1990, according to a 2021 study. This extended season means more suffering for millions.

The Asthma and Allergy foundation of America (AAFA) highlights the increasing severity of the issue.Pollen seasons are effectively year-round in some parts of the country, says Melanie Carver, the chief mission officer at AAFA.This shift presents notable challenges for those with seasonal allergies.

Understanding Seasonal Allergies

Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis or hay fever, are typically triggered by different types of pollen throughout the year. Tree pollen is the main culprit in the spring, grass pollen in the summer, and weed pollen in the fall. The prevalence of these allergies is ample, affecting approximately 26% of adults in both the U.S. and the U.K.

Among children, the rates are also significant, with about 19% affected in the U.S. and 10-15% in the U.K. These numbers underscore the widespread impact of seasonal allergies on both adults and children.

recognizing Allergy Symptoms

identifying allergy symptoms is the first step in managing them effectively. Dr. Arveen Bhasin, an allergist-immunologist at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, explains the common signs:

• Itchy, watery eyes
• Itchy and runny nose
• Sneezing
• Nasal congestion
• Post-nasal drip
• Headaches
• Sore throat
• Coughing
• Wheezing and trouble breathing

It’s vital to note that allergies can develop at any age. It’s not uncommon for adults that have never experienced them before to find themselves managing seasonal allergies for the first time later in life, says Ms. Carver. Moving to a new environment can also trigger allergies,as it may take about two years to develop sensitivities to new allergens,according to Dr. Payel Gupta, a spokesperson for the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.

Effective Treatment Strategies

Managing seasonal allergies involves a combination of over-the-counter medications and lifestyle adjustments. Dr. Bhasin recommends several types of medications:

• Decongestants
• Antihistamine pills
• Nasal sprays
• Eye drops

For these medications to be effective, Dr. Bhasin advises starting your regimen at least two weeks before pollen season. However,she also notes that antihistamines can lose efficacy over time. If a medication is not consistently controlling symptoms, you may have developed tolerance to it.

Nasal sprays require consistent use to be effective. Dr. Bhasin explains, I often see patients discontinue using nasal sprays after three to five days because they don’t seem to be working, but it takes 10-14 days of consistent use for these sprays to reach maximum efficacy.

Experts caution against the overuse of decongestants, which can cause a rebound effect, worsening nasal congestion. Ms. Carver advises, Do not use them for more than three days, and consult your doctor if you have certain health conditions like high blood pressure or heart disease.

I really don’t understand why [decongestants] are over the counter, but they are. So people have to be careful.
Dr. Payel Gupta, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology

Lifestyle Adjustments for allergy Relief

Reducing your exposure to pollen can considerably alleviate allergy symptoms. Dr. Gupta explains that inflammation and irritation are caused by pollen sitting on the surface of your skin or inside your nose and eyes.

Given that people spend a significant amount of time indoors, it’s crucial to minimize pollen entering your home. ms. Carver suggests keeping windows closed, using air conditioning, and regularly changing air filters.When pollen counts are high, wearing a mask outside can also help. Additionally, experts recommend removing shoes, showering, and changing clothes upon returning home.

Air purifiers can also be beneficial, but it’s critically important to choose one that is appropriately sized for your space, according to Dr. Gupta. The effectiveness of a purifier depends on the square footage of the room.

When to Seek Professional Help

If over-the-counter treatments and lifestyle changes are not providing sufficient relief, it’s time to consult an allergist. There are so many ways we can help you feel more pleasant, says Dr. Gupta.

Allergists may prescribe allergy immunotherapy, such as allergy shots or sublingual treatment, for longer-term control and relief, according to Ms. Carver. These treatments can definitely help desensitize you to specific allergens, reducing your reaction over time.