Keto Diet Shows Promise for Depression, But Evidence Remains Limited, New Review finds
TORONTO – A new systematic review and meta-analysis suggests ketogenic diets (KDs) may offer modest improvements in depressive symptoms, particularly when ketone levels are biochemically verified, but researchers caution that more robust studies are needed before clinical recommendations can be made. The findings, published in JAMA Psychiatry, add to a growing body of research exploring the potential of “metabolic psychiatry” – the connection between diet and mental health.
While not a cure-all, the review highlights emerging evidence suggesting KDs could be a beneficial adjunct therapy for certain mental health conditions. Researchers observed decreases in psychotic symptoms and improved mood regulation in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorder, with one PTSD study also indicating positive outcomes. However, evidence regarding anxiety relief remains preliminary and inconclusive.
The review analyzed existing studies and found that kds,characterized by high-fat and low-carbohydrate intake,were associated with modest improvements in depressive symptoms,especially when participants demonstrated biochemical ketosis – a state where the body primarily burns fat for fuel. “In this systematic review and meta-analysis, kds were associated with modest improvements in depressive symptoms, particularly with biochemical ketosis verification, while anxiety evidence was inconclusive,” the authors wrote.
The diet, originally used to treat pediatric epilepsy as early as 1921, has seen a resurgence in popularity for managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. interest in its potential mental health benefits stems from the brain’s high energy demands and sensitivity to metabolic changes.
Researchers emphasize the need for larger, well-designed trials with standardized protocols, structured support, and pre-specified outcomes to confirm the efficacy and long-term durability of KDs for mental health. They acknowledge that, as with most mental health treatments, a one-size-fits-all solution is unlikely.
The study was conducted by a team at St Michael’s Hospital in Toronto and reported via MedicalXpress.
