Study Links Belief in Falsehoods to Desire for Symbolic Power
WASHINGTON – new research suggests a surprising dynamic in the spread of misinformation: for some individuals,endorsing demonstrably false claims isn’t a result of ignorance,but a purposeful strategy to signal strength and defiance. The study indicates these individuals prioritize appearing resolute over adhering to factual accuracy, viewing debunking efforts as a sign of weakness.
The findings, published this week, highlight the limitations of conventional fact-checking in combating misinformation. Researchers found that attempts to correct false narratives can backfire with those who value symbolic displays of power, reinforcing their belief in the original claim.
The phenomenon was illustrated by a case involving former President Donald Trump, who in August 2025, asserted that crime in Washington D.C. was at an all-time high. This claim generated numerous fact-checks from sources like Politifact and CNN, as well as analysis from commentators like Paul Krugman.However,researchers argue that for individuals with a “symbolic mindset,” these corrections weren’t persuasive. Instead, they were perceived as reactive and therefore, weak.
“To someone with a symbolic mindset,debunkers merely demonstrate that they’re the ones reacting,and are therefore weak,” researchers explain. “The correct details is easily available, but is irrelevant to someone who prioritizes a symbolic show of strength. What matters is signaling one isn’t listening and won’t be swayed.”
The study further suggests that the more easily disproven a claim, the more powerful it can appear to those prioritizing symbolic strength. This can manifest in behaviors like deliberately contrarian online provocation – often referred to as being an “edgelord” – or outright falsehoods, which can paradoxically be seen as “authentic.” Researchers also noted a connection between this mindset and authoritarian tendencies, with some individuals desiring the implementation of policies based on demonstrably false pretenses, such as the deployment of National Guard troops.
Political theorist Murray Edelman, in his work on political symbolism, previously observed that politicians often prioritize symbolic victories over tangible results, finding it a more expedient path to power. The research builds on this idea, suggesting that symbolic claims can serve as negotiation tactics, loyalty tests, or even a long-term strategy to shape reality.
